Middle Ages
Terms
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- Reconquista
- The effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain, lasting from the 1100s until 1492.
- Magyars
- Settled in present-day Hungary from there they overran Eastern Europe and moved on to plunder Germany, France and Italy.
- Guilds
- A medieval association of craftsmen or merchants that obtain power
- Black Death
- A deadly plague that swept across Asia, North Africa, and Europe during the Middle Ages and killed many people
- Vassal
- Pledged service and loyalty to the greater lord
- Feudalism
- loosely organized system of rule in which powerful local lords divided their landholdings among lesser lords.
- Parliament
- Highest legislature which includes the sovereign, House of Lords, and the House of Commons
- Friars
- A member of any certain religious orders of men
- Avignon Papacy
- The popes lived and ruled in Avignon, France instead of in Rome
- Inquisition
- The verdict of finding an official inquiry
- Roman Empire
- An empire that was established by Augustus in 27 BC. It was divided in AD 395 into the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern or Byzantine Empire
- Crusades
- A medieval military expedition
- Manor
- The estate or land of a Lord
- Serf
- A person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord
- Benedict of Nursia
- Italian monk who created a set of rules for Western monasteries in the 6th century
- Canon Law
- A law in the Roman Church that laid down by papal pronouncements
- Monasticism
- Living in a religious community which is secluded from secular society and adhering to a rule stipulating chastity, obedience, and poverty
- Oath of Fealty
- Fealty was sworn between two people, the lower ranked person, and a person of high status. This was done as part of a formal commendation ceremony to create a feudal relationship
- Fief
- estate
- Great Schism
- Separation of Church
- Central (High) Middle Ages
- occurred during 1000-1300 CE
- Charlemagne
- Grandson of Charles Martel and built and empire reaching across what is know France, Germany and part of Italy. Also known as Charles the Great
- Vikings
- Independent farmers ruled by land-owning chieftains
- Gothic Style
- A style of architecture which flourished in Europe during the medieval period.
- Excommunicate
- To exclude from participating in the sacraments and services of the Christian Church
- Heresy
- Belief or opinion opposite to those who are very religious
- Late Middle Ages
- 1300-1500 CE
- Investiture Controversy
- A struggle between popes and kings regarding control of offices or appointments
- Hundred Years' War
- A war between England and France
- Scholasticism
- The system of philosophy in medieval Europe
- Common Law
- English law that is derived from custom and judicial precedent rather than statues.
- Interdict
- An authoritative prohibition. A sentence barring a person
- Chivalry
- The medieval knightly system that included religious, moral, and social codes
- Papacy
- The office of authority of the pope
- Magna Carta
- A royal character who was given political rights from King John of England
- Council of Constance
- United the Catholic Church