Micro Final 2
Terms
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- What organism makes Infant flaccid after eaing honey
- clostridium botulinum
- Man as squamos cell carcinoma of penis is from what virus
- HPV
- Middle age male prsents with acute onset of monoarticular joint pain and bilateral Bell's palsy
- Lyme disease from Ixodes tick
- what are main features of exotoxins?
-
exo in gram + and gram -
polypeptide located on plasmid or baceriophage
high toxicity
induce hig ab called antitoxins
toxoids used to make vaccines
destroyed at 60 deg - endotoxin features
-
gram - bacteria
not secreted
lipopolysaccharide
bacteria chromosome
low toxicity
fever shock
makes TNF and IL-1
poor antigen
stable 100 deg - which gram + have exotoxins?
-
corynebacterium diptheria
clostridium tetani
clostridium botulinum
clostridium perfingens
bacillus anthracis
staphylococcus aureus
streptococcus pyogenes
CCCCBSS - Gram - bacteria with exotoxins
-
vibrio cholerae
bordetella pertussis
E. Coli
ViBE - exotoxin action corynebacterium diphtheriae
- inactivate EF-2 by ADP ribosylation, causes pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in throat
- Action of Clostridium tetani exotoxin
- Blocks release of inhibitory neruotransmitter glycine and causes lockjaw
- Exotoxin mode of action of Clostridium botulinum
- Glocks the release of ACH, causes CNS paralysis and spores cna be found in cannned food and honey
- Exotoxin of Closridium perfringens
- alpth toxin is a lecithinase, causes gas gangrene and get double zone of hemolyisis on blood agaar
- exotoxin of bacillus anthracis
- Has 2 toxins, one toxin is an adenylate cyclase
- Exotoxin of Staphyloccus aureus
- superantigen that binds to class II MHC protein and T-cell receptor, this induces IL-1 and IL-2 synthesis in toxic shock syndrome, also causes food poision with rapid onset
- Exotoxin to streptococcus pyogenes
-
erthrogenic toxin is a SUPERANTIGEN that casuses rash of scarlet fever
Streptolysin O is hemolysin and the antigen for the ASO antibody. - Vibrio cholerae endotoxin
-
stimulated adenylate cyclase by ADP ribosylation of G protein
Increases pumping of Cl- and H2o into gut
Causes rice-water diarrhea - exotoxin bordetella pertussis
-
Simulates adenylate cyclase by ADP ribosylation
causes whooping cough,
inhibits chemokine receptor causes lyphocytosis - N-dotoxin is an intergral part of
- gram-N egative cell wall
- endotoxin especially lipid A activates
-
macrophages>
IL-1> fever
TNF> fever hemorrhagic tissue necrosis
Nitric Oxide> hypotension, shock - endotoxin activates
-
alternative complement pathway
C3a> hypotension Edema
C5a> Neutrophil chemotaxis - Endotoxin activates Hageman factor which causes
- coagulation cascade> DIC
-
T-hese R-aschals M-ay M-icroscopically L-ack C-olor
AKA don't stain well -
Treponema
Rickettsia
Mycobacteria
Mycoplasma
Legionella pneumophila
Chlamydia - M-enin G-ococci ferment
- Maltose and Glucose
- gram + rods
-
clostridium
corynebacterium
listeria
bacillus - gram+ cocci catalase negative
-
Staphy epidermis, Novobiocin sensitive
S. saprophyticus, novobiocin resistant - gram + cocci, catalase -
-
Streptococcus
S pneumoniae Optochin Sensitive
Viridian sreptococci- Optochin resistant, not bile soluble
S. pyogenes- Bacitracin sensitive
S. agalactiae- Bacitracin resistant
Enterococcus faecalis
Peptostreptococcus- anaerobe - N. gonorrhoeae media
- Thayer Martin, VCN
- C. diphtheria agar
-
blood agar, tellurite plate, loffler
s medium - M. Tuberculosis culture media
- Lowenstien-Jensen Agar
- Lactose fermenting enterics grow on what media
- Pink colonies on Mac Conkey's agar
- Legionella Pneumophilia isolate on what media
- Charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with iron and cysteine
- Media used to isolate fungi
- Sabouraud agar, high in sugar
- What is the stain used to diagnose Whipple's disease
- PAS
- Was stain is used for acid fast pacteria?
- Ziehl-Neelsen
- India Ink is used to stain
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- Giemsa's stain is useful for
- Borrelia, plasmodium, trypansosomes and chlamydia
- Who is the president of the united states
- me
- What does PAS stain?
- Glycogen, mucopolysaccharides
-
P. AERuginosa is seen in burn wounds
nosocomial pneumonia
cystic fibrosis pneumonia -
AERobe
P. AERuginosa is an AERobe -
The obligate aerobes
Nagging Pest Must Breathe -
Nocardia
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Bacillus -
The obligate anaerobes
"They know their ABC's" -
Actnomyces
clostridium
Bacteroides - What are porperties of anaerobes
-
Lack catalase or suproxide dismutase and are easily oxidative damage
They are foul smelling, difficult to culture and produce gas in tissue CO2 and H2. - Wher are anaerobes found
-
GI tract, pathogenic else where.
AminO2glycosides are ineffective agains anaerobes because they need O2 to get into cell -
Obligate Intracellular bugs
"Stay inside when it is Really Cold - Rickettsia and Chlyamydia, Can't make own ATP
- Faculative intracellula
-
Mycobacterium
Brucella
Francisella
Listeria
Yersinia
Legionella
Salmonella - Encapsulated bacteria have polysaccharide as antiphagocytic virulence and has a positive
- Quellung reaction, when present capsule sweels with specific anticapsular is added
- Which bacteria form spores
-
Gram positive
Bacillus anthracis
Clostridium perfingens
C tetani
must autoclave to kill spores - Bacteria that are alpha hemolytic
-
Streptococcs Pneumoniae
Viridans streptococci - Bacteria that are Beta Hemolytic
-
S. Pyrogenes
S. agalactiae
S. aureus
Listeria Monocytogenes-minigitis in newbors, unpastureized milk - what is the property of catalase
- degrade h2O2 a substrate for myeloperoxidase
- Rhuematic Fever equals
-
P=polyarthritis
E=erythema marginatum
C=chorea
C=Carditis
S=Subcutaneous nodules - group A strep, pyrogenes virulence factors
-
Lipoteichoic acids, bind epithelial cells
M protein is the antigen and make Ab for, it antiphagocytic and degrades C3b
Streptolysin S-lyses leukocytes, platelets and erthro
Streptolysin O- immunogenic Streptolysin S.
Streptokinase-lyses blood clots, spread thru issue
DNASE's- depolymerizes cell free DNA in purulent material - What streptroccocus gamma hemolytic that grows on blood and chocolate agar that causes nosocomial infections
- enterococcal endocarditis
- Enterococci are penicillin G reisistant and cause
- UTI and subacute endocarditis
- The lancefield group D includes group D enterococci and nonenterococcal group D strep and is bases upon differences in
- The C carbohydrate on the bacterial cell wall
- Dental Caries are caused by this alpha hemolytic viridans strept
- Streptococcus mutans
- Cosdtridium tetan has an exotoxin that
- Blocks release of inhibitory neurotransmiter from renshaw cells in spinal cord
- Clostridum botulinum has an heat-liable toxin that inhibits
-
ACh release causing botulism
BOTulinum is from bat BOTtles of food - Clostridium perfingens produces and
-
Alpha toxin and hmolytic lecithinase tha causes myonecrosis or gas gangrene
PERFingens PERForates the gangrenous leg - Clostridum difficile produces and cytotoxin, and exotoxin that kills enterocyts and causes
- Pseudomembranous colitis
- Which acteria has exotoxin encoded by Beta prophage and inhibits protein synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2
- Clostridium diphtheriae
- Coryne= club shaped and grows on tellurite agar
- Corynebacerium diphtheriae
- Pseudomembranous pharyngitis with lymphadeopathy
- What are the symptoms of Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Lab diagnosis based on gram positive rods with metachromic granules
- Corynebaceterium diphtheriae
- The ABC's of Corynebacterium diphtheriae
-
ADP ribosylation
Beta-prophage
Corynebacterium
Diphtheriae
Elongation Factor 2
Granules - inhalation of these spores can cause woosorters disease
- What is antrax, black skin lesions
- Actionmyces israeliiis a gram positive anarobe and causes
- oral/facial abscesses with sulfur granules that may drain thru sinus tracts in skin
- Nocardia asteroides as a gram postive and acid fast aerobe that causes
- pulomary infection in ummunocompromised paients
- SNAP
-
sulfa for
Nocardia;
Actionmyces use
Penicillin - long branching gram positive rods
- actinomyces and nocardia
- Gram negative bugs are resistant to benzyl penicillin G but may be susceptible to
- penicillin derivatives such as ampicillin
- Actinomyces isralli can lead to
- muliple abcess
- propionibacterium acne are short chains of gram + rods and associated with
- teen acne and prosthetic devices infections
-
gram - rod common in abdominal infections following surgery
Virulence includes agglutins, capsule, collagenase and IgA proteases - Bacteroides fragilis
- WHat test is used to ID C.perfringens
- Nagler test
- What are the three main gram - spirochetes
-
Treponema
Borerelia
Leptospira - T. pallidum pallidum
- Syphilis, sexual contact, congenital transmission, lesion increase AIDS transmission
- Syphilis spread
-
skin, mucoous
lymph nodes
skin, flu-like illness
CNS dementia aorrtic lesions
multiorgan malformation - symptoms of primary syphilis
- localized disease painless chancre
- secondary syphilis
-
Dissseminated idsease with maculopapular rash, condylomata lata
Secondary syphilis=systemic - Tetiary sypthilis
-
Gummas=granuomatous lesions,
neurosyphilis, tabes dorsalis, argyll robertson pupil - How diagnoses syphilis?
-
FTA-ABS=Find The Antibody-Absolutely:
most specific, earliest positive, remains positive the longest - Less specific tess for treponemes?
-
VDRL has the following false positives
Viruses, non, hepatitis
Drugs
Rheumatic feve and rheumatic arthritis
Luppus and Leprosy - Treponemal disesase that casuses yaws
- T. pertenue , non SD in tropics
- Only spirochete that can ve visualized by Giemsa light stain
-
Borrelia recurrentis,
relaspsing fever caused by antigentic variation - Borrrelia recurrentis is caused by body louses and treated with
- tetracyclen and erythomycin
- Leptrospira interoogans causes
-
Weils' disease
jaundice
hemorrage
renal failure
myocarditis
10-35 days - L. Interrogans enters bia
-
cuts abrassions and damages small bblood vessels and enter CNS
myalagia, headache, ab pain, miningitis, rash fever
exposure on farms watersports and rats - chlamydia is an
- intracellular parasite
-
E-lementary body E-nters the cell via endocytosis
where R-eticulate body - replicates in cell by fission
- clinical symptons of chlamydiae
- arthritis, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, nongonoccal urethritis
- Chlamydia psittaci
-
avial reservoir
Parrot fever, headache, fever, chills, cns headache death,
tetracycline, erythomycin
enters repiratory tract, liver and spleen in blood and focal necrosis - Chlamydia trachomatis
- arthritis
- Chlamydia pneumonia
- only in humans and causes atypical pneumonia and transmitted by aerosol
- How do you diagnose chylamydiae
- cytoplasmic incusion on Giemsa or fluorescent antibody-stained smear
-
Shylamydia trachomatis serotypes
A,B,C - Africa/Blindness/Chronic infection
-
Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes
L1,L2,L3 -
lymphogranuloam venereum
Acute lymphadenitis- positive Frei test - Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes D-K
-
Everything else
urethritis/PID, neonatal pneumonia, neonatal conjunctivitis
Treat with erytromycin eye drops - gram + bacteria responsible for vaginitis
- MOBILUNCUS MULIERIS
- What causes rocy mountain spotted fever
- ricketsia rickettsii
- what causes q fever
- Coxielle burnetii
- Rickettsiae are obligate intracellular parsites because
- they can ont produce suficient energy to replicate extracellularly that divide by binary fission
- Weil-Felix test is used to id rickettssi by
- cross reaction with antigens of the OX strains of proteus vulgaris
- Q fever, C. burnetii is transmited by
- Aerosol and inhaled into the lungs
- All rickettsial diseases have antropod host such as ticks, lice, fleas and mites except
- Epidemic typhus which occurs only in humans because the organism, R prowazekii is transmitted by human body louse
-
Ricettsial disease that has acute onset of fever, sever headach, myalgia, and prostration, ras appears 2-6 days beginning with macules and progress to petechiae. Rash begins on hands and feet and then move inward to the trunk.
DIC, edema, delirium a - Rocky mountain spotted fever
- Tick is the major reservor and it predominant on the east coast.
- Rocky Mountain spotted fever, r. rickettsii
- THis disease has a combination of hepatitis and pneumonia and does not present as rash. It's important reservoir is a cattle or sheep and goats. and infects humans by aerosol inhalation
- Q fever, coxiella burnetti and is usullay resolved even without antibiotics
- Typus group of rickettsia
-
R. prowazekii,
R. typhi
r. tsutsugamushi - R. typhi is found in southern regions of California and Texas and symptoms include
- Sudden onset of chills, fever, headache, ifluenza 1-3 weeks after louse bite, 5-9 day the maculopapular rash begins on the trunk and spreads out. Rash spares face, palms and soles.
- Epidemic typhis is transmided pereson t oberson by human body louse and associated with
-
wars, proverty in developing countries
AKA Brill-Zinsser disease. - Diagnosis of rickettsial is serological test, indirect immunofluorescence and ELISA test, where treatment is
- tetracycline or chloramphenicol.
- Reiter's syndrome is characterized by urethritis, arthritis and uveitis and is an anutoimmun disease caused by antibodies fromed against this bacteria
- C.trachomatis, and cross reaccts with antigens on the cell of the urethra, jonts and uveal tract
- These are the smallest free living organism and the organisms considered wall-less and have cholesterol in their membrane
- What are mycoplasmas
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection produce autoantibodies to
-
RBC-cold agglutinis
, brain,
lung
liver cells - Mycoplasma pneumonia is the mostly seen in
- youn adults, collaege and military perosnnel
- cold agglutinins are
- IgM autoantibodies against type O red blood cess atha agglutinate at 4 degress but not at 37 degress.
- Mycoplasma hominis is implicated in
- pelvic inflammatory disease
- 4 characterisctics of enterobacteriaceae
-
all facultative anaerobes
all ferment glucose
alloxidase-negative
all reduce nitrates to nitrites to get energy - the polysaccharide in the cell wall is alson known as the
- o antigen and found in E. coli and salmonella
- this antigen is on the flagella only and found in escherichia , salmonella and klesiella and shigella
- H antigen