A&S
Terms
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- in the U.S, about how many pple contract the flu each year?...how many die?
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-20-25 million contract the flu
-36,000 die/year - globally, about how many pandemics of influenza has there been since the 1500s?
- -over 31
- about how many pple died from tuberculosis from 1990-2005?
- -over 120 million
- in what year was HIV/AIDS presented in history and where?
- 1981
- is AIDS a disease or syndrome?...what are the specific symptoms?
-
-it is a syndrome rather than a disease
-no specific symptoms - what is a syndrome?
- -collection of disease
- what is the cause of AIDS?
- -HIV, which destroys the T-cells
- when does someone know that they have AIDS?
- when T4- cells go below 200
- how does HIV cause AIDS?
- -when the T cells and helper cells, which are necessary in producing antibodies are destroyed
- when it came to naming the disease, what 2 names were created before creating AIDS (b/c symptoms/ syndromes were different at times)?
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1. 4H (Homosexuals,Haitians,Heroin users,& Hemophilias)
2.GRID (Gay Related Immune Deficiency) - what is the difference between HIV1 and HIV2?
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-HIV1: more prevalent
-HIV2: less prevalent, harmful, transmissable (more in west africa) - what was AIDS initial based on when trying to find out the definition of it/ what it is?
- clinical symptoms
- the definition of AIDS was redefined in 1993. what was the impact of this change?
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-increases AIDS prevalence
-1st time symptom free patiesnts can be diagnosed with AIDS. -
true/ false
HIV infection is not AIDS. - true b/c it is a disease
- what does HIV stand for?
-
Human: affects only humans
Immunodeficiency:attacks
human immune system
Virus: caused by a virus that
can't be cured - what does AIDS stand for?
-
Acquired: not inherited
Immuno: affects immune system
Deficiency: body lacks
immunity - what is the end stage of the HIV virus?....can it also be transmitted?
- AIDS which is not transmitted. just the virus is transmitted
- what is a virus?
- a parasitic agent that lives inside the cells of their host and reproduce only by making the host produce viral copies
- what type of virus is HIV?
- it is a retrovirus under the retroviridae family making it a potent disease agent
- the spread of aids is more rapid in what type of area?
- rural area
- in 2010, what places will be massively infected?...about how many pple?
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-india, china, russia, ethiopia, and nigeria
-about 75 million - in 2003, what were the top ten states considered to have a higha largest #s of aids cases?...which one had the most...(#of cases?)
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1.NY (largest..6,684)
2.california
3.florida
4.texas
5.georgia
6.pennsylvania
7.illinois
8.maryland
9.NJ
10. north carolina - what are the 3 most common routes of transmission of aids?
-
1.blood to blood
2.mother to infant
3.unprotected sex - what are the 4 major risks for heterosexuals?
-
1.adolescence
2.adults w/ multiple sex partners
3.those w/STDs
4.heerosexuals use of drugs - two thirds of all people living with hiv are located where?
- in sub-saharan africa
- what place is the most affected region in the world and how many pple are living w/ the hiv?....what is the 2nd most affected?
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1.sub sahara africa...25.8million
2.carribean...hiv prevalence,no change in 2005 - when it deals with prevalence, what is the formula and things that happen to hiv/aids victims in deeloping countries?
-
-prevalence= #of cases of hiv in population/ total pop.
-1. stigmatized
2. discriminated against
3. silenced
4. living in denial - in 2005, about how many pple were newly infected?
- 5 million
- in 2005, aids claimed how many lives?...mostly what group?
- -3.1million ...more than half were children
- what is the significance of 1959, 1960, mid 1970, 1981?
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*1959- 1st scientific evidence of hiv infection in central africa
*1960-1st aids case
*mid 1970-spread around the world
*1981-1st recognition or case of hiv in u.s (la, ny, san. francisco) - world wide, how many pple were infected w/ hiv in 2004?..how many are infected per/year?
- 37 million.....40,000new pple per year.
- what is an epidemiology?...epidemic?
-
-the study of detriments and distribution of diseases of population
-rapid &wide spreading of a contagious disease in a place among the pple - what are the 3 classes of anti-hiv treatment available in the u.s.?
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-nrti (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
-nnrti (non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
-protease inhibitor - how does each of the 3 classes of anti-hiv treatments work?
-
-(nnrti& nrti both reverse the life cycle)
*nrti-incorporates itself into the viral
*nnrti-binds to the reverse transcripatase
*protease inhibitor---dont need to know - what characteristics make hiv differ from most viruses?
- goes from rna to dna (retrovirus)
- AZT is an example of what class of hiv treatment?
- nrti (neucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
- how are aids and hiv related?
- cant have aids w/o hiv/ not everyone with hiv will get aids
- what type of virus is hiv....what is aids a collection of?
- retrovirus......diseases
- what are some problems w/ vaccines?
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-high vulnerability
-would need to devlop vaccines - what is a regiman failure and its types?
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*when anti- hiv medications a person is taking does not control infection
*1. virological failure
2. immuniological failure
3. clinical failure - what type of regiman failure is most common and can still be detected in the blood after 48 days?
- virologic failure
- what is HAART and what does it stand for?...main goal?
-
-Highly Active Anti-retroviral Therapy
-is a combination of therapy which has shown to be effective
-is suppose to suppress hiv replication or viral load - what are the 4 categories for treament for aids/hiv?
-
1.nrti
nnrti
2.protease inhibitors
3.infusion inhibitor
4.drug cocktails HAART therapy