Call to Freedom Chapter 1 & 2 (US History)
Chapter 1 (The World Before the Opening of the Atlantic)
Chapter 2 (New Empires in the Americas)
From Holt's "Call to Freedom"
Chapter 2 (New Empires in the Americas)
From Holt's "Call to Freedom"
Terms
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- Navajo and Pueblo
- Native American people of the Southwest region included the _______ and _________
- environments
- climates, land, and organisms that surround living things
- a unique style of ship with curved ends
- __________ was a technological development that helped the Vikings establish trade networks, explore the North Atlantic, and set out on raids
- Pawnee
- the _______ society of the Great Plains was matrilineal, with people tracing their ancestry through their mothers
- Jacques Marquette
- traveled the Mississippi River as far as present-day Arkansas
- sea dogs
- English sailors who opposed Spain's King Philip
- Crusades
- wars that took place for possession of the Holy Land
- England
- Early, ________ tried to create a colony in the Americas, but were unsuccessful
- mound builders
- the ___________ were people in eastern and midwestern North America with complex culture and religion
- Inca and Aztec
- Like the Aztec, the ________ invaded neighboring groups and villages
- strait
- narrow sea passage
- Treaty of Tordesillas
- agreeement signed between Spain and Portugal, moved the Line of Demarcation to the west and gave Portugal ownership of Brazil and Africa
- Portugal
- Throughout the 1500s most of the spice trade was controlled by
- Henry Hudson
- English captain hired by the Netherlands to search for a Northwest Passage
- Iroquois League
- American Indian political confederation responsible for waging war and making peace
- maize
- an important crop to early Native Americans
- encomienda system
- this system gave the Spanish settlers rights to force Indians off their land, BUT did not enslave the Indians
- South Sea
- Vasco Nunez de Balboa found what he called __________________
- Anglican
- Queen Elizabeth I's father, Henry VIII, had broken with the Catholic Church and founded __________________
- inflation
- an unintended consequence of the flow of wealth to Spain was increased __________
- California
- this area was not very populated area of New Spain by 1790
- Vasco de Gama
- he led an expedition around the Cape of Good Hope
- Pacific
- Native Americans who lived along the _______________ coast had a rich supply of game animals, sea life, and wild plants.
- farming
- __________ was not an important source of food for many Native Americans in California because there were many other food sources available year round.
- Columbus
- _________ believed he could reach Asia by sailing west because he thought the Atlantic Ocean was not as large as many believed
- manors
- large estates owned by monarchs and nobles during the Middle Ages
- archaeology
- study of the unwritten past
- totems
- images of ancestor or animal spirits carved on tall poles by Native Americans in the Northwest
- glyphs
- symbols and images that represent ideas
- pininsulares
- most important political offices in New Spain were held by ______________
- Prince Henry
- gathered experts in navigation, mapmaking, shipbuilding, and sailing to aid Portugal's exploration efforts
- Silk Road
- an overland trade route stretching from the Black Sea to China
- Magellan
- died on his trip around the world, did not complete his goal to circumnavigate the world
- conquistadores
- brought the spirit of the Reconquista to the Americas
- furs
- early French settlements provbided France with wealth from
- Magna Carta
- _______ _______ was one of the first documents to help protect the rights of free individuals
- Ghana and Mali
- Several African kingdoms such as ________ and _________ grew wealthy and powerful by participating in trading networks
- wigwams
- circular huts made by some Algonquian peoples
- encomienda system
- established to reward settlers for moving to the Americas
- Line of Demarcation
- to secure Spain's rights to the lands Columbus had explored, Pope Alexander VI established __________
- free tenant
- a person who rented land from a lord and was able to leave the land at the end of a contract
- translations of ancient Greek writings
- Muslims made advances in many scholarly areas such as medicine, philosophy, and astronomy by drawing on ____________________
- feudalism
- ___________ is a social system in which all people do NOT participate equally in work and decision making
- kayaks
- one-person canoes used by the Inuit and Aleut
- Council of Indies
- to oversee the government in all of Spanish America, Spain created _______
- sailing around Africa
- the Portuguese hoped to open direct trade with Asia by ___________________
- caravel
- small but sturdy ship designed to be fast and easy to manage
- domestication
- People in Mesoamerica learned to breed plants and animals in a process called ______________