History, Section 15
Terms
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- Took place in Germany
- Nuremburg Trials
- What people were placed on trial in Germany?
- Nazi leaders
- The most important _______ ________ were placed on trial by an ___________ ________
- Nazi leaders, international court
- In Japan, _____ ________ wa splaced on trial-he was _________
- Hideki Tojo, hanged
- headquarters of United Nations is in _ ____
- New York
- UN has two major branches-name these two
-
1. General Assembly
2. Security Council - Made up of every nation that is a member of the UN
- General Assembly
- In the General Assembly, each nation recieves __ __
- 1 vote
- today there are ____ nations in the UN
- 191
- part of UN that handles most disputes between nations
- Security Council
- Consists of ____ permanent members (countries_ and ___ temporary members (countries)
- 5 permanent, 10 temporary
- Permanent members are
- britain, china, UnitedStates, Russia and France
- If any of the 5 permanent members votes against a matter brought to the security councilthe matter ___ _______ _______
- does not pass (veto)
- most important official in the UN
- Secretary General (kofi annan
- _____ groups emerged after WWI
- 3
- the noncommunist countries (led by the ___) were called the ____
- U.S., west
- The communist countries (led the the USSR) were called the __
- east
- did not usually take the side of either the east or the west
- non aligned nations
- non aligned nations are primarily found in
- Latin America, Africa, Asia
- non aligned nations were often _________ nations: called _______ _______ __________
- underdeveloped nations: called Third World Countries
- definition of cold war
- conflict between the east and the west-particularly between the U.S. and U.S.S.R
- name the 8 countries later called east germany
- Poland, Romania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Albania, and the Russian controlled zone of Germnay
- called Russian satellites
- Poland, Romania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Albania, and the Russian controlled zone of Germnay
- U.S.S.R and these countries became known as "____ ______" countries
- iron curtain
- the three baltic states _______,________ and _____ were no longer _________ ___________
- estonia, latvia, lithuania, were no longer separate states
- had been made a part of the U.S.S.R
- estonia, latvia, lithuania
- After WWII, the U.S. announced that its policy toward commmunism would be __________ (definition:
- containment: stopping the spread of communism
- Europe experienced tremendous ecomnomic problems after WWII-many Europeans began to think the solution was
- communism
- the marshall plan was proposed by
- George C. Marshall
- Former WWII general
- George C. Marshall
- Now was President Harry Truman's ______ of ________
- secretary of state
- Gave U.S. money to European nations-this helped stop the spread of Communism
- George C. Marshall (marshall plan)
- _________ blocked all means of entrance by ground into the
- Russia,western part of Berlin
- This area of western berlin was controlled by _________,__________ and the ________
- Britain, France, and the U.S.
- Russia wanted to take over this area (what area?)
- the part controlled by britain, france, u.s. (western berlin
- _____._________ and ________ flew supplies into western Berlin until Russia reopened the entrances almost a year later
- britain, france and u.s.
- U.S., Britain and France combined their zones to form ___ _________ and __ ___________ (these were ______________)
- west germnay and west berlin
- in ___ _________ and ____ __________, Russia had set up a ____________ government
- east germnay and east Berlin
- NATO consisted of what kind of countires?
- non communist
- established by __ ______________ countries on both sides of the atlantic
- non communist
- NATO stands for
- north atlantic Treaty Organizatino
- U.S. is a memeber of
- North Atlantic Treaty Organizatoin
- These countries promise to help each other in case of attack
- NATO
- These countries promise to help in case of war
- Warsaw Pact
- maintains an army today
- NATO
- Today __ countries are members
- 26
- Organized by USSR and most other _____ ______ ________
- iron curtain countries
- similar to NATO
- Warsaw pact
- the civil war that began resumed after ______ in what country?
- WWII, china
- ___________ ld the commmunists (china)
- mao zedong
- _________ led the Chinese Nationalists (non communists)
- Chiang Kai-Shek
- U.S. gave money and military equipment to
- chiang kai-shek
- U.S. decided not to send troops to help
- chiang
- _____'s group won
- mao's
- _____ was the leader of _______ china until he died-country was also called
-
people's republic of china
mainland china
red china - ________________ and his followers fled to _________
- chiang kai sheck and his followers fled to taiwan
- island off the coast of china
- taiwan
- taiwan was also called
-
Formosa
republicof China
Nationalist - After WWII, korea was
- divided
- south korea was
- noncommunist
- north korea
- communist
- North Korea _________ south korea in a attempt to make south korean _____________
- attacked, communist
- the _____ ____________ ________ voted to send troops to help ____ __ most ofthe troops were from the ___
- un security council, south korea, us
- U.S. General Douglas MacArthur was _________- of the ______ ________
- commander of the U.S. troops
- THe U.S. never declared war on _______ ___________
- North Korea
- __________ _______ sent thousands of troops to help _______ _______
- Communist China sent thousands of troops to help North Korea
- MacArthur wanted to ____ _________ _____
- bomb communist China
- opposed this idea
- President Truman
- Truman feared this could cayse a world war becuase ______might help ____________ _______
- Russia,Communist China
- Truman wanted a ___________ war
- limited
- the lmited war would be limited to
- korea
- __________ ignored Truman's ordersnot to discuss the matter publicly, ________ was fired
- macarthur
- after the war
-
Korea remained divided
South Korea is noncommunist today
North Korea is communist today
us still has troops in korea today - After Joseph Stalin died, ________ was the new leader
- Khrushchev
- In destalinization, K did 3 things
-
1. condemned his actions
2. tore down memorials to stalin
3. Renamed Stalingrad to Volgograd - def.. of peaceful coexistence
- the east woould avoid war with the west
- began the space race
- the launching of the Russian satellite Sputnik
- in __________, Khrushchev sent ________ and ______ and crushed a rebellion against Russia
- Hungary, Khrushchev sent troops and tanks
- Although this country appealed the UN and the West for help, none was given
- Hungary
- thousands of hungarians were killed-thousands ___ the country
- fled
- _________ built the Berlin wall to keep the ___ germans from fleeing to ____ ______
- Khrushchev built the Berlin Wall to keep the East Germans from fleeing to West Berlin
- The Cuban dictator was overthrown by this man
- Fidel Castro
- Still dictator today
- Castro
- Began placing nuclear missiles in Cuba
- Russia
- President _________ ordered the U.S. Navy to __________ Cuba to stop _______ _______ _________ shipments from reaching Cuba
- Kennedy order the u.s. navy to blockade Cuba to stop additional military Russian
- _________ ordered Russia withdraw the missiles
- Kennedy
- Said that if nuclear missiles were fired from Cuba, the U.S. would launch a _______ ______ on Russia
- nuclear attack
- For a few days, the US and USSR were on the verge of
- nuclear war
- _________ agreed to withdraw the missieles in exchange for _______'s promise that the U.S would not invade Cuba to ________ _________
- Khrushchev, Kennedy's, overthrow Castro
- Khruschev was ____________ by communist party officials in ________ becuase he had "_________ ___________"
- removed, Russia, "backed down"
- Died in office
- Brezhnev
- Sent troops to Czechoslovakia
- Brezhnev
- State the Brezhnev Doctrine
- It said Russia would intervene with its European satellites if rebellions or threats of rebellions occured
- __________ took contorl of Indochina
- French
- Indochina consists of
- Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia
- Durin WWWI, _____ gained control of Indochina
- Japana
- French attempted to control Indochina after WWII...who drove them back out?
- Vietnam
- Vietnam was divided into two sections: name these
- North Vietnam and South Vietnam
- Leader of Communists/name part of vietnam that was communist
- Ho Chi Minh, North
- Noncommunist part of Vietname
- South
- _________ ______________ wanted elecetions for government leaders to be held
- North Vietnamese
- __________ vietnamese governement did NOT allow the elections
- South. Even though this is weird for North to be wanting elections, this happened
- 2 groups in Vietnam wanted to make South Vietname Communist: name these
-
1. North vietnamese goverment
2. A group of South Vietnamese COMMUNISTS called the Vietcong - President while U.S. sent miltary supplies and miltary advisers to _____ vietname
- Dwight D. Eisenhower, SOUTH
- Reasons why U.S. sent these items: (2)
-
1. Containment
2. Domino theory - State the domino theory
- Belief that if Sotuh Vietnam fell to Commmunism, so would other countires in the area
- Trained the South Vietnamese troops
- the military advisers
- Announced that ________ vietnam had fired on two US ships
- President Lyndon Johnson, North
- located off the coast of North Vietnam
- Gulf of Tonkin
- Gave the president the right to use the military as he saw fit in Vietnam
- Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
- Johnson never mentioned that the U.S. ships supposedly attacked had been _______ the _______ _____ attack the North
- helping the south vietnamese attack the north
- The U.S. never declared war on _______ ________
- north vietnam
- Soon, hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops were fighting-no longer just advising
- advising
- a few ______ sent troops to help _____ _____
- countries sent troops to help south vietnam
- Communist Vietnam recieved supplies from ____ and ________
- Communist China and Soviet UNnion
- ______ ____________ demonstrations took place in the US
- Anti war
- some _____ their draft cards
- burned
- many americans ___________ the war
- supported
- Began Vietnamizatoin
- Richard nNIxon
- Define Vietnamization
- the gradual withdrawal of US troops and the fighting turned over to the south vietnamese government
- An agreement was reached whereby the fighting ended in Vietnam (2)
-
1. Remaining U.S troops were withdrawn
2. That South Vietnam would continue to elect its own government - However, the _________ vietnamese and _____ took over all of South Vietnam
- North, Vietcong
- Todya, all of VIetnam is
- communist
- becayse the war was so controversial, viet vets recived little ______ on returning to the us
- thanks
- __ was taken over by the communist and is still communist today
- Laos
- Cambodian communists are called
- Khmer Rouge
- Took over Cambodia and killed millions
- Khmer Rouge
- leader of Khmer Rouge
- Pol Pot
- No longer communist today
- Cambodia
- hundreds of thousands fled _________
- indochina
- detente
- relaxation of tensions
- _______ invaded Afghanistan
- Russia
- why did Russia invade Afghanistan?
- to help the weak communist government there
- To show US disapproval of this invason, President Jimmy Carter (2)
-
1. had the us boycott the summer olympics in moscow
2. stopped the sale of us grain to USSR - detente ended primarliy because of 3 things
-
1. Afghanistan invasion
2. election of reagan
3. Communist crackdown in poland - Reagan promised to (2)
- be tougher with the soviets and greatly increase US spending
- A labor union was organized in Poland- called ______, leader was ____ ___. Held _______ and ________ against the communist government
- Solidarity, Lech Walesa, Held strikes and protests
- Later, _____ and many other ________ leaders were jailed
- Walesa and other solidarity
- _________ said ____ might build a system called SDI (Explain SDI)
- Reagan said US might build a system called Strategic Defense Iniative
- Nickname of SDI
- "Star Wars"
- SDI could
- shoot nuclear missiles
- US announced it would not develop SDI-however US is
- working ona different method of shooting down nuclear misslesq
- New Soviet leader after Brezhnev
- Mikhail Gorbachev
- name Gorbachev's two important policies
-
1. Glasnost
2. Perestroika - Perestroika means
- "restructuring"
- Gorbachev made major changes in the USSR, he tried to (3)
-
1. make economic changes
2. Allowed SOME free electoins
3. Fired those who opposed his reforms - Glasnost
- "openess"
- Because of Glasnost, soviet government allowed more rights such as
- freedom of speech and freedom to travel
- Some in USSSR thought changes were too ____ while most thought the changes were too _____
- fast, slow
- Withdrew troops from Afghanistan
- Gorbachev
- People in communist countires of ________ _______ began rebelling against their governments
- Eastern Europe
- Gorbachev did not send any troops to stop this
- the rebellig of people in Eastern Europe
- Said USSR wouldno longer follow Brezhnev Doctrine
- Gorbachev
- for the first time since wwii, all communist countries in europe had ______ _____
- free elections
- ________ _______- was dismantled
- Berlin Wall
- Elected President of Poland
- Lech Walesa
- __________ ______ fell apart
- War saw pact
- many republics within _____ wanted independence
- USSR
- a ____ took place in USSR
-
Done by communist
"hard liners" who thought Gorbachev had allowed too many changes - Gorc\bachev was placed under
- house arrest
- the coup ________ withing a few days
- collapsed
- ________ returned to power
- Gorbachev
- Resigned
- Gorbachev
- USSR ceased to exist
- and became seperate nations.
- Cold war was over when
- Gorbachev resigned