Ancient China, Japan, & Africa
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- Name the Chinese dynasties in order
- Shang, Chou, Ch'in, Han, Sui, Tang, Sung, Yuan, Ming, Manchu
- What were shang most known for?
- Irrigation, oracle bones, writing, bronze ware, lunar calendar & other science, written language, shamanism
- How did shang dynasty fall?
- lost vigor for war, chou overthrew w/ allies
- what are the chou known for?
- longest dynasty, decentralized gov't, feudalism, competing warlords, brilliant civilization, NOT politics or science
- what were the ch'in known for?
- founded by Cheng, then called Shih Huang Ti, gave china its name, capital Hsien-yang, conquered far south, built Great Wall of china, highways & canals, burned 1st 2 great classics,
- Who was confucius & his ideas?
- name: kung Fu-tzu, human nature good but need education, fundamental relationships, good life on order on govt
- who was the founder of taoism & his ideas?
- lao-Tzu, based on tao, way of nature, rule w/ iron fist, 3 virtues humility, frugality & contentment, believed less govt better
- what was the han known for?
- started by Liu Pang, 1st golden empire, Wu Ti famous empire, capital: changan, confucianism, tecnological development, i.e. seismograph, "leveling", china's civil service exam, pax sinica, buddhism
- what was "leveling" & chinese civil service exams?
-
"leveling": buy crops in good years, sell in bad to prevent fluxuations in price
exams: standardized, highly important for future professions, based on intelligence - what was the pax sinica?
- CHinese peace, open silk routes, accomplished by military campaigns
- what were the 5 classics?
- c of songs, c of documents, c of changes, spring and autumn annals, ceremonies and rituals
- what were the sui known for?
- driving out huns, led by Yang Chien, reunite china, formed grand canal
- what were the tang known for?
- 2nd golden empire of china, led by Li Yuan, civil service perfected, spread culture, poetry & arts, like Li Po & Tu Fu, buddhism
- what were the sung known for?
- restored order after tang fell, led by Chao K'uang-yin, good civilization, landscape paintings, porcelain, & barbarian problems
- what were the sungs barbarian problems?
- Khitan required annual tribute for not killing capital, jurchen moved behind & squished them, but split china in half
- how was china under the control of the mongols?
- under rule of Kublai kahn, contacts w rest of world opened, clash of cultures
- what was the ming known for?
- overthrew mongols & yuan (led by chu yuan-chang)sent naval expeditions then isolation, "Red Turban movement"
- what were the manchu known for?
- last to rule, opium war, Taiping rebellion, sino-japanese war, european "aid"
- why did china go into revolution?
- young chinese resented foreign influence, starts october 10, 1911, warlords pop up & sun yat-sen, nationalist leader, couldnt deal w/ them, steps down for shikai, may 4th movement
- who were important nationalist leaders?
- sun yat-sen, Yuan shikai, & CHiang kai-shek
- what were characteristics of early japan
- shinto main religion, adopted many chinese ideas, shogun have real power, chief military officer & controlled other areas, samurai protected land & shogun, daimyo landholders & higher social status than samurai
- what the fall of feudalism?
- oda nobunaga was top daimyo, made plans to take over china, succeeded, then had to withdraw, then tokugawa as shogunate adopted isolation
- whats important about tokugawa shoguns?
- stabilized japan, isolated japan, made peace w/ daimyo & samurai, commodre perry ended isolation w/ new technology, led to treaty of kanagawa, opening ports
- whats up w/ the Meiji govt?
- 1889 constitution made diet, two houses, & overall gave more freedoms to people, but still an absolute monarchy
- and what about that imperialism?
- had limited resources, so import resources which was costly, so decided to get colonies, led to sino-japanese war
- so what was the sino-jap war?
- japan was winner, but russia, france & germany butted in and got land back & divided it up w/ britain
- how about japanese industrial revolution?
- mixed economy, heavy & light industries, eductaional reforms, poverty high, workers ignored, newest machines & methods
- kingdom of ghana was cool right?
- survived w/ salt & gold, matrilineal society, did trade w/o camel & camel was revolutionary,but fell into mali
- what is mali most known for?
- trade, reacehd peak w/ timbuktu & mansa mula
- what was the dowry system?
- family pay other family to marry daughter, and have to pay more if daughter died
- what happened to zimbabwe?
- population outstripped food supply, traded gold, built big structures
- who were swahili?
- brokers, overall culture, controlled sea & trade, spread islam for trading discounts
- Preconditions for industrial revolutions
- adequate raw materials, spirit of entrepreneurship, successful agricultural system, & source of capital to finance industries
- T or F: Death rate during industrial revolution was DECREASING due to medical technology
- True
- Effects of the Enclosure Movement
- Wealthy landowners fenced in "common lands", landless laborers moved to cities for work, & gov't demonstrated power to influence the IR
- Forms of capital
- land, money, machines
- Most earlier factories built near major:
- rivers
- Who most likely opposed laissez-faire?
- factory workers
- In order, what were the following men known for, James Watt, Henry COrt, & James Hargreaves
- Steam Engine, Puddling Furnace, Spinning Jenny
- The reform bills of 1832, 1867, And 1884 on GB resulted in
- extending the voting population
- Reforms of William Gladstone
-
Education Act of 1870
Civil Service Reform of 1870
Secret Ballot Act of 1872 - Major features of capitalism
-
Private ownership
Market economy
Profit motive - Gruop that reacted to IR by smashing machinery & burning factory owners' houses
- Luddites
- Characteristics of Romantic Movement
- Attention was paid xlosely to feelings of love, beauty, nature, & things that could not rationally be explained
- What stage in the demographic transition model was the birth rate high & death rate low
- Stage 2- beginnings of Industrial Revolution
- What was the Dreyfus Affair?
- During 3rd French Republic, famous political crisis centered on accusations of treason vs. a French military officer
- T or F: Charles Dickens & Emile Zola were part of the Realist Movement
- True
- The Repeal of the Corn laws benefited which group?
- Factory workers
- A cause for the Crimean War was the French & British obejections to what?
- Russian foreign policy towards the Ottoman Empire
- Paris commune was supressed by whaqt army?
- French Army
- The Treaty of London was focused on which nation's neutrality?
- Belgium
- What did Saint Simon believe in?
- That the management of wealth by experts would alleviate poverty
- What did Owens believe in?
- A better & human industrial environment will increase productivity & profit
- Fourier set up what?
- Phalanxes & communities
- Marx believed in what?
- The conditions were the "roots of the tree" when it comes to conflict, & eventually after the revolution, their will be a classless society and no government
- Smith would have been against which philosophy?
- Philosophy of Mercantilism
- Who was Gladstone?
- Liberal Prime Minister who supported Irish Home Rule
- Malthus believed in what?
- The population will eventually outstrip the food supply
- What did Riccardo state?
- That is wages increase, so would population, so the wages should stay minimum
- Who was Cavour's most significant non Italian ally?
- Napoleon III
- The Risorgimento was the name of what?
- Movement to unify Italy & a reference to the great achievments of past Italians
- The Schleswig-Holstein question was an issue between who?
- Austria & Prussia
- What was the Dual Alliance of 1879?
- Defensive pact between Germany & Austria, adressed German concerns over growing anti-German sentiment in Russia, & the Italians will later join in 1882
- Prussia's defeat of Austria resulted in the creation of what
- the North German Confederation
- France was induced to declare war on Prussia in 1871 by what?
- Ems Dispatch
- Congress of Berlin resulted in what?
- Transfer of Cyprus from the Ottomans to the British, Recognition of Romani, Serbia, & Montenegro as independent states, & Austria gain of Bosnia & Herzegovina
- Who was the "Sick Man of Europe"?
- Ottoman Empire
- Why did Bismarck support universla male suffrage?
- He believed masses would back his conservative policies
- Who orchestrated the unification of Italy around Piedmont-Sardinia
- Cavour
- Which secret society under Mazzini believed work by Italians would bring unification?
- Young Italy
- Which army under Garibaldi helped overtake Naples & the end papal resistance?
- Red Shirts
- Who was the "Iron Chnacellor" who used realpolitik?
- Bismarck
- What did the Ausgleich create to help stabilize eastern central Europe?
- Dual Monarchy
- What were Russian peasant Communities?
- Mirs
- Bismarck assured what land as compensation to France for staying out of the Austro-Prussian war?
- Alsace & Lorraine
- Napoleon created what to conduct an econo mic war vs. GB?
- Continental System
- What was a key feature of the Napoleonic code?
- careers were open to those who demonstrated talent
- Liberals of the early 19th century sought what?
- constitutions, freedom of the press, & reprensentative governement
- Who was the dominate personality at the COngress of Vienna?
- Metternich
- The Decembrist revolt was led primarily by who?
- Military officers
- Why did the July Revolution of 1830 start?
- Charles X issued the four Ordinances
- What are the Carlsbad Decrees are an example of what?
- conservatism in action
- What were Prince Metternich's goals?
- Preventing French agression, restoring the balance of power in Europe, & restoring royal families tot he thrones of Europe
- T or F: Charles X enacted liberal reforms
- False, duh!
- Who was the Hungarian leader during the Revolutions of 1848?
- Louis Kossuth
- The revolutions of 1848 relcted whose interests?
- Liberlas, nationalists, & the middle class
- What was the Frankfurt Assembly?
- Delgates from the 39 germanic states interested in unification, created a liberal constitution.
- What were the revolts in Prague centered on?
- A desire to use Czech language in schools & businesses
- Why is Napoleon called "all things to men"
- he tried to please everyone, balanced favors to one group w/ favors to another.
- What did liberals advocate?
- Broader political participation, extend representation to propertied classes
- T or F: Louis Napoleon, ruled as king of a constitutional monarchy, who respected the wishes of the legislature.
- False
- Stateless societies in Africa were what?
- Organized around kinship & lacking the concentration of political power & authority
- When was the flying shuttle invented?
- 1733
- When was the Wealth of Nations published?
- 1776
- When was the Congress of Vienna?
- 1815
- When was the July Revolution?
- 1830
- When was the Communist Manifesto published?
- 1848
- When did Henry Bessemer first use his converter?
- 1856
- When did the Meiji Restoration begin?
- 1868
- When was the Franco-Prussian War & the Italian Unification?
- 1870
- When was the Republic of China declared, ending Imperial China?
- 1912
- When was the Chinese communist party established?
- 1921
- What was the order of French Rulers?
-
Louis XVIII
Charles X
Louis Phillippe
National Assembly - Where was the Decembrist revolt & waht kind of revolt was it?
- It failed in Russia & was liberal
- What was the Spanish Revolt about?
- Ferdinand VIII promised the Verona Constitution, but didnt deliver, so it failed & was liberal
- Where was the July revolution & waht kind of revolt was it?
- It succeed in France vs. Charles X, & was liberal
- Where was the February Revolt
- It succeeded in removing Louis Phillippe from France
- What revolt happened in 1831?
- Belgium split from Holland, and is agreed as long as it stays neutral.
- What did Louis Napoleon do?
- He made the 2nd French Republic & then later Empire, encouraged IR, had a weakness for foreign affairs, Alsace & Lorraine lost to Geramany, & was ousted after the Franco-Prussian War
- What 6 things helped GB industrialize?
-
Waterways
Resources
Capital
Labor
Entrepreneurs
High Population
Gov't Support - What are some differences between domestic & industrial?
- Inventions, set work hours, no uniqueness, & bad conditions