w.civ II test 2
Terms
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- The middle ages is known as the_?
- age of faith
- Aristotle claimed :
- Ptolemaic Theory-that the earth was the center of the universe
- When was the birth of Modern Astronomy/Science?
- 1543
- Who was the first to challange the Ptolemaic Theroy and what did he publish in 1543?
- Nicholas Copernicus; " On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres"
- What was the Heliocentric view?
- that the sun was the center of the universe
- Who was the second guy to challange the usual way of thinking? What did he claim?
- Johannes Kepler; that the orbits were eliptical not circular
- Who was the first guy to use the telescope? What did he publish?
- Galeleo Galilei; "The Starry Messenger" and "The Dialogue"
- What did Newton publish and what was his view?
- "Principia"; universe-natural laws
- Who were the makers of the Scientific Method?
- Descartes and Bacon
- Bacon; what essay and advocated what?
- not a real scientist; published "The Advancement of Learning"; INductve method of reasoning
- Descartes advocated what?
- the deductive method of reasoning
- The Cartisian Doubt? Descartes book?
- skepticism- the "Discourse on Method"
- Fontanelle published-
- plurality of the worlds
- What was the new skepticism?
- Religion and government
- Baron de Montesquieu published?
- "Spririt of Laws"
- Volataire published?
- Letters on the english and the philosophical dictionary
- Denis Dederot-
- encyclopedia
- John Locke wanted to- published:
- change instituitions to make better people- "concerning human behavior"
- tabula rosa
- people are molded by their environment so change their environment/institutions
- Marie Jean de Condorcet- book
- made the claim that human perfectability is possible bc of science and reason ;" The progerss of the human mind"
- the commercial revolution?
- begining of capitalism; trade rivalries are the result
- Navigation Acts were passed to enforce what?
- Mercantilism- the economic theroy that advocated government economic policies to make the "mother country" as independent or self sufficient as possible
- The second 100 yrs war:
- 4 wars; england and france were always on opposing sides; war of l.o.augsberge and war o.t. spanish succession
- Trade wars:
- S. E. and F. wanted the West Indies; The Infamous middle passage from africa to new world resulted in many deaths
- The war of Jenkins Ear-
- England vs. spain in the caribbean began over trade
- The war of the Austrian succession/King Georges war (NW)
- over The Balance of Power in England; Prussia France and Spain vs. Austria England Holland and Russia
- Marie Theresa-
- Charles VI daughter that he wanted in power bc he had no male heir
- The Pragmatic Sanction-
- a document issued by the HRE Charles VI to ensure that his daughter Marie Theresa is accepted as his successor
- Frederick II of Prussia attacked to gain control of who?
- Silesia
- The English Role-
- neutral
- Battle of Culloden Moor
- in Scotland is a defeat for Bonnie Prince Chalres- the last stuart attempt to regain the throne
- Treaty of Aix la Chapelle: terms?
- ended 2 100 yrs war; Prussia is awarded Silesia
- The Diplomatic Revolution:
- France and Austria become allies instead of enemies
- William Pitt-
- good leader for the english during the french and indian war and the 7 yrs war
- Battle of Plesey (India)
- an English victory
- Battle of Quebec (Canada)
- an Enlish victory
- Fredrick II lead who?
- prussia
- When was the Treaty of Paris and what did it end?
- 1763; the 4th war of 2nd 100 yrs war - the 7 yrs war
- what were the 4 wars of the 2nd 100 yrs war?
- the war of the league of augsburg; the war of the spanish succession; the war of the austrian succession; the seven yrs war
- Why did England and France not have enlightened rulers?
- E.- limited gov. and the glorious rev. F.- absolute government
- Cardinal Fleury-
- Louis XV's economic advisor
- who said "It will last through me, then the deluge"
- Louis XV
- Who started the last 2 wars of the 2 100 yrs war and wasnt relegiously partial?
- Frederick II
- What did Volataire call Fredrick II?
- philosopher king
- Francois Quesnay-
- the french founder of the shool of thinkers known as the Physiocrates (economics)
- Adam Smith- book; advocated
- a scottish economist who is considered the founder of Classical Economics; "Wealth of nations"; free trade
- John Locke:
- an english philosopher who founded the empiricist school of philosophy
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau- book (2); quote;
- Father of Romanticism; "The Social Contract" "Emile"; Man was bron free but everywhere in chains
- The American Revolution dates:
- 1775-1783
- What was one of the Policies of Greenville? Colonial Response?
- The Stamp Act- first direct tax; boycott
- Policy of Townsend established: British Troops do what? what results of their move?
- Townsend Acts- indirect taxes; are sent to Boston ton enforce acts of parliament; Boston Massacre
- Policy of North?
- Tea Act
- What are the Intolerable Acts/ Coercive Acts?
- 4 lwas are passed by Parliament to punish Boston for the dextruction of property (tea)
- First Continental Congress drew up several papers inculding the-
- Decleration of RIghts and grievances
- What important thing happened bw 1st and 2nt congress?
- Battles of Lexington and Concord
- Second Continental Congress served as the...
- first acting provisional government of the united colonies
- who was selected to be the commander fo the continental forces?
- George Washington
- Who was the British King?
- King George III
- Thomas Paine published what at this time?
- Common Sence that decladed independence
- the 2nd continental congress apponited 5 ppl to write what?
- the decleration of independence
- The American Revolutionary War:: Battle of saratoga lead to what?
- the franco-american alliance; france is the oldest ally of the US
- Battle of yorktown
- the fianl major battle of the conflict
- what ends the american revolutionary war and its terms?
- 1783 treaty of paris- american independence
- The French Revolution:: the Old Regime-
- france during the Bourbon rule
- what bourbon is ruling now?
- Louis XV
- Who is the ruler during the american and french revolutions?
- Louis XVI
- what is the Estates General?
- the 3 social classes in France
- 1st 2nd and 3rd?
-
clergy
nobilty
commoners - what was the bourgeoisie?
- the upper middle class
- in what year did the delegates to the Estates General meet in ____?
- 1789, Versailles
- what 2 step did the 3rd estate take and why?
- the Tennis Court Oath, for a Constitution to be written
- what was the start of the french revolution?
- the storming of the bastille
- what was formerly the 3rd estate is now the what?
- the work of the National Assembly
- what did the national assembly adopt?
- the Decleration of the rights of man and citizen which was influenced by the natural rights
- what was the march of the poor women?
- where the fish marken women march from Paris to Versailles to protest the lack of bread
- what was the flight of the king to Varennes?
- Louis XVI and the royal family attempt to escape paris
- what else did the National Assembly write and what did it establish?
- The Constitution of 1791 - limited/constitutional monarchy (king) with an elect Legislative Assembly
- what party 1st wins control of the Legislative assembly?
- the Girondists
- who where the Gerondists?
- favored a republic and wanted war with austria
- who were the jacobins?
- the second largest party in the Legislative assembly that favored a paris centered republic
- what did the gernidists and the jacobins have in common?
- both oppossed kings and both wanted war
- who were the coalition with and who were they agains?
- with austria agianst france
- when the constitution of 1791 ends, who gains control of the Legislative Assembly?
- jacobins
- what is the Legislative Assembly turned in to?
- the National Convention
- what do they to to France?
- delcare it a Republic, 1st time, end of king
- who was the most famous Jacobin leader?
- Robespierre (most radical)
- who placed Louis XVI on trial? and what happened?
- National Convention, executed by the Guillotine
- what was formed to serve as a war cabinet (12 members)? controlled by?
- Committee of Public Safety; the jacobins
- who was in charge of the reign of terror?
- robespierre
- Constitution of 1795?
- strong executive; weak legislature
- what takes the place of the National Convention?
- the directory govermnent
- who lead the italian campaign?
- Napleon
- what happens during the Egyptian Expedition?
- Nap. is working for the directory and goes to egypt and finds the Rosetta Stone while trapped
- who is the enemy of the French?
- Admiral Horatio Nelson
- What takes the place of the Directory Gov.? called for _ consuls
- Consulate Governmen, 3
- what was the 1st gov. that nap. worked for?
- consulate
- The Code Napoleon?
- codification of french law (5)
- the Concordate of 1801-
- an agreement bw Nap. and church that ended the schism and restablished good realtions bw church and state
- what prevented Nap. from invading Eng?
- Battle of Trafalgar
- the holy roman empire becomes
- the confederation of the Rhine
- the treaties of tilsit is signed by?
- russia and prussia
- the Continental System?
- an economic blockade of england by france
- British "orders in Council"
- the british response to the continental system is to place a trade blockade on france
- the Pininsular war?
- spain and portugal
- what battle was the effective end for Nap.?
- Battle of Lepzig/ Battle of the Nations
- What was Nap. biggest mistake?
- The invasion of Russia
- where is Nap. exiled to first?
- Elba
- what is the "100 days"
- the return of Nap. from elba to france and his attempt to reclaim power
- what is Nap. last battle?
- Battle of Waterloo
- where is he exiled to 2?
- island of St. Helena