w.civ II test 2

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The middle ages is known as the_?: age of faith
Aristotle claimed :: Ptolemaic Theory-that the earth was the center of the universe
When was the birth of Modern Astronomy/Science?: 1543
Who was the first to challange the Ptolemaic Theroy and what did he publish in 1543?: Nicholas Copernicus; " On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres"
What was the Heliocentric view?: that the sun was the center of the universe
Who was the second guy to challange the usual way of thinking? What did he claim?: Johannes Kepler; that the orbits were eliptical not circular
Who was the first guy to use the telescope? What did he publish?: Galeleo Galilei; "The Starry Messenger" and "The Dialogue"
What did Newton publish and what was his view?: "Principia"; universe-natural laws
Who were the makers of the Scientific Method?: Descartes and Bacon
Bacon; what essay and advocated what?: not a real scientist; published "The Advancement of Learning"; INductve method of reasoning
Descartes advocated what?: the deductive method of reasoning
The Cartisian Doubt? Descartes book?: skepticism- the "Discourse on Method"
Fontanelle published-: plurality of the worlds
What was the new skepticism?: Religion and government
Baron de Montesquieu published?: "Spririt of Laws"
Volataire published?: Letters on the english and the philosophical dictionary
Denis Dederot-: encyclopedia
John Locke wanted to- published:: change instituitions to make better people- "concerning human behavior"
tabula rosa: people are molded by their environment so change their environment/institutions
Marie Jean de Condorcet- book: made the claim that human perfectability is possible bc of science and reason ;" The progerss of the human mind"
the commercial revolution?: begining of capitalism; trade rivalries are the result
Navigation Acts were passed to enforce what?: Mercantilism- the economic theroy that advocated government economic policies to make the "mother country" as independent or self sufficient as possible
The second 100 yrs war:: 4 wars; england and france were always on opposing sides; war of l.o.augsberge and war o.t. spanish succession
Trade wars:: S. E. and F. wanted the West Indies; The Infamous middle passage from africa to new world resulted in many deaths
The war of Jenkins Ear-: England vs. spain in the caribbean began over trade
The war of the Austrian succession/King Georges war (NW): over The Balance of Power in England; Prussia France and Spain vs. Austria England Holland and Russia
Marie Theresa-: Charles VI daughter that he wanted in power bc he had no male heir
The Pragmatic Sanction-: a document issued by the HRE Charles VI to ensure that his daughter Marie Theresa is accepted as his successor
Frederick II of Prussia attacked to gain control of who?: Silesia
The English Role-: neutral
Battle of Culloden Moor: in Scotland is a defeat for Bonnie Prince Chalres- the last stuart attempt to regain the throne
Treaty of Aix la Chapelle: terms?: ended 2 100 yrs war; Prussia is awarded Silesia
The Diplomatic Revolution:: France and Austria become allies instead of enemies
William Pitt-: good leader for the english during the french and indian war and the 7 yrs war
Battle of Plesey (India): an English victory
Battle of Quebec (Canada): an Enlish victory
Fredrick II lead who?: prussia
When was the Treaty of Paris and what did it end?: 1763; the 4th war of 2nd 100 yrs war - the 7 yrs war
what were the 4 wars of the 2nd 100 yrs war?: the war of the league of augsburg; the war of the spanish succession; the war of the austrian succession; the seven yrs war
Why did England and France not have enlightened rulers?: E.- limited gov. and the glorious rev. F.- absolute government
Cardinal Fleury-: Louis XV's economic advisor
who said "It will last through me, then the deluge": Louis XV
Who started the last 2 wars of the 2 100 yrs war and wasnt relegiously partial?: Frederick II
What did Volataire call Fredrick II?: philosopher king
Francois Quesnay-: the french founder of the shool of thinkers known as the Physiocrates (economics)
Adam Smith- book; advocated: a scottish economist who is considered the founder of Classical Economics; "Wealth of nations"; free trade
John Locke:: an english philosopher who founded the empiricist school of philosophy
Jean-Jacques Rousseau- book (2); quote;: Father of Romanticism; "The Social Contract" "Emile"; Man was bron free but everywhere in chains
The American Revolution dates:: 1775-1783
What was one of the Policies of Greenville? Colonial Response?: The Stamp Act- first direct tax; boycott
Policy of Townsend established: British Troops do what? what results of their move?: Townsend Acts- indirect taxes; are sent to Boston ton enforce acts of parliament; Boston Massacre
Policy of North?: Tea Act
What are the Intolerable Acts/ Coercive Acts?: 4 lwas are passed by Parliament to punish Boston for the dextruction of property (tea)
First Continental Congress drew up several papers inculding the-: Decleration of RIghts and grievances
What important thing happened bw 1st and 2nt congress?: Battles of Lexington and Concord
Second Continental Congress served as the...: first acting provisional government of the united colonies
who was selected to be the commander fo the continental forces?: George Washington
Who was the British King?: King George III
Thomas Paine published what at this time?: Common Sence that decladed independence
the 2nd continental congress apponited 5 ppl to write what?: the decleration of independence
The American Revolutionary War:: Battle of saratoga lead to what?: the franco-american alliance; france is the oldest ally of the US
Battle of yorktown: the fianl major battle of the conflict
what ends the american revolutionary war and its terms?: 1783 treaty of paris- american independence
The French Revolution:: the Old Regime-: france during the Bourbon rule
what bourbon is ruling now?: Louis XV
Who is the ruler during the american and french revolutions?: Louis XVI
what is the Estates General?: the 3 social classes in France
1st 2nd and 3rd?: clergy
nobilty
commoners
what was the bourgeoisie?: the upper middle class
in what year did the delegates to the Estates General meet in ____?: 1789, Versailles
what 2 step did the 3rd estate take and why?: the Tennis Court Oath, for a Constitution to be written
what was the start of the french revolution?: the storming of the bastille
what was formerly the 3rd estate is now the what?: the work of the National Assembly
what did the national assembly adopt?: the Decleration of the rights of man and citizen which was influenced by the natural rights
what was the march of the poor women?: where the fish marken women march from Paris to Versailles to protest the lack of bread
what was the flight of the king to Varennes?: Louis XVI and the royal family attempt to escape paris
what else did the National Assembly write and what did it establish?: The Constitution of 1791 - limited/constitutional monarchy (king) with an elect Legislative Assembly
what party 1st wins control of the Legislative assembly?: the Girondists
who where the Gerondists?: favored a republic and wanted war with austria
who were the jacobins?: the second largest party in the Legislative assembly that favored a paris centered republic
what did the gernidists and the jacobins have in common?: both oppossed kings and both wanted war
who were the coalition with and who were they agains?: with austria agianst france
when the constitution of 1791 ends, who gains control of the Legislative Assembly?: jacobins
what is the Legislative Assembly turned in to?: the National Convention
what do they to to France?: delcare it a Republic, 1st time, end of king
who was the most famous Jacobin leader?: Robespierre (most radical)
who placed Louis XVI on trial? and what happened?: National Convention, executed by the Guillotine
what was formed to serve as a war cabinet (12 members)? controlled by?: Committee of Public Safety; the jacobins
who was in charge of the reign of terror?: robespierre
Constitution of 1795?: strong executive; weak legislature
what takes the place of the National Convention?: the directory govermnent
who lead the italian campaign?: Napleon
what happens during the Egyptian Expedition?: Nap. is working for the directory and goes to egypt and finds the Rosetta Stone while trapped
who is the enemy of the French?: Admiral Horatio Nelson
What takes the place of the Directory Gov.? called for _ consuls: Consulate Governmen, 3
what was the 1st gov. that nap. worked for?: consulate
The Code Napoleon?: codification of french law (5)
the Concordate of 1801-: an agreement bw Nap. and church that ended the schism and restablished good realtions bw church and state
what prevented Nap. from invading Eng?: Battle of Trafalgar
the holy roman empire becomes: the confederation of the Rhine
the treaties of tilsit is signed by?: russia and prussia
the Continental System?: an economic blockade of england by france
British "orders in Council": the british response to the continental system is to place a trade blockade on france
the Pininsular war?: spain and portugal
what battle was the effective end for Nap.?: Battle of Lepzig/ Battle of the Nations
What was Nap. biggest mistake?: The invasion of Russia
where is Nap. exiled to first?: Elba
what is the "100 days": the return of Nap. from elba to france and his attempt to reclaim power
what is Nap. last battle?: Battle of Waterloo
where is he exiled to 2?: island of St. Helena

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