World History Vocab 1st Nine Weeks Test
chapters 1,2,4,5
Terms
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- Epicuranism
- happiness is achieved through the pursuit of happiness
- patrician
- great landowners, and the ruling class of Rome
- satrap
- "protector of the kingdom" the governor of a province of the Persian Empire under Darius
- artifact
- tools, potter, paintings, weapons, buildings, and household items left behind by early people
- mummification
- a process of slowly drying a dead body to prevent it from decaying
- satrapy
- one of the 20 provinces in which Darius divided the Persian Empire
- Neolithic Revolution
- the shift from hunting of animals and gathering to the keeping of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis. 8000 BC
- hominid
- humans and other humanlike creatures that walk upright
- helot
- in Sparta, captive peoples who were forced to work for their conquerors
- prehistory
- the period before writing was developed
- plague
- an epidemic disease
- monarchy
- government by a sovereign ruler such as a king or queen
- polis
- the early Greek city-state, consisiting of a city town and its surrounding countryside
- citystate
- a city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside
- laity
- regular church members
- culture
- the way of life a people follows
- inflation
- a rapid increase in prices
- cuneiform
- "wedged-shaped" a system of writing developed by the Sumerians using a reed stylus to create wedge-shaped impressions on a clay table
- civilization
- a complex culture in which large numbers of pople share a number of common elements, such as, social structure, religion, and art
- australopithecine
- "southern apes" the earliest humanlike creatures that flourished in eastern and southern Africa 3 to 4 million years ago
- artisan
- a skilled craftsperson who makes products such as weapons and jewlery
- Bronze Age
- the period characterized by the widespread use of bronze for tools and weapons
- paterfamilias
- social structure of families, male was dominate head of household
- bureaucracy
- an administrative organization that relies on nonelective officials and regular procedures
- insulae
- roman aprtment blocks constructed of concrete
- ritual
- a ceremony or rite
- republic
- government where certain citizens have a right to vote
- agora
- in early Greek city-states, an open area that served as a gathering place and as a market
- Homo sapiens sapiens
- "wise, wise human being." appeared in Africa between 150,000 and 200,000 years ago, first atomically modern humans
- neanderthal
- type of Homo sapien that lived in Europe and the Middle East between 10,000 and 30,000 BC
- Stoicism
- happiness can be achieved only when pople gain inner peace by living in harmony with God
- theocracy
- government by divine authority
- empire
- a large political unit, usually under a single leader, that controls many peoples or territories
- acropolis
- in early Greek city-states, a fortified gathering place at the top of a hill which was sometimes the site of temples and public buildings
- oracle
- a sacred shrine where a god or goddess was said to reveal the future through a priest or priestess
- Paleolithic Age
- "Old Stone" humans used simple stone tools
- vizier
- a high government official in ancient Egypt or in Muslim countries
- monotheistic
- having one god
- arete
- in early Greece, the qualities of excellence that a hero strives to win in a struggle or contest
- direct democracy
- a system of government in which the people participate directly in government decision making through mass meetings
- nomad
- a person who moves from place to place
- hieroglyphics
- "priest-carvings" or "sacred writing" a complex system of writing that used in ancient Egypt for business transactions, record keeping, and the general needs of daily life
- ostracism
- the process for temporarily banning ambitious politicains from the city by popular vote
- pharaoh
- the most common of the barious titles for ancient Egyptian monarhs; the term originally meant "great house" or "palace"
- phalanx
- a wall of shields created by foot soldiers marching close together in a rectangular formation
- Age of Pericles
- Pericles dominated Athenian politics and Athens reached the height of its power
- plebian
- in Rome, a social class made of minor landholders, artisans, and small famers
- triumvirate
- a government bye 3 pople with equal power
- tradgedy
- a form of drama that portrays a conflict between the protagonist and a superior force, and protagonist is brought to sorrow
- anthropology
- the study of human life and culture based on artifacts and human fossils
- monarch
- a king or queen who rules a kingdom
- Hellenistic Era
- period when the Greed language and ideas were carried to the non greek world
- systematic agriculture
- the keeping of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis
- dictator
- abosolute ruler
- dynasty
- a family of ruler whose right to rule is passed on within the family
- democracy
- "the rule of many" governement by the people, either directly or through their elected representatives
- consul
- chief executive in Rome, 2, one ran government one ran army
- hieractic script
- simplified versian of hieroglyphics used in ancient Egypt for business transactions, record keeping, and the general needs of daily life
- Homo sapiens
- "wise human being" 250,000 years ago, and is the 3rd stage in human development
- Homo erectus
- "upright human being" a speccies that emerged around 1.5 million years ago and marked a second stage in human development
- hoplite
- in the early Greek military system, heavily armed foot soldiers
- procurator
- official in charge of a province
- ziggurat
- a massive stepped tower on which was built a temple dedicated to the chief god or goddess of a Sumerian city
- archaeology
- the study of past societies through an analysis of the items people left behind
- patriarchal
- dominated by men
- oligarchy
- the rule of few
- ephor
- one of the five men elected each year in ancient Sparta who were responsible for the deducation of youth and the conduct of all citizens
- epic poem
- a long poem that tells the deeds of a great hero, such as the Illiad and the Odyssey of Homer
- domestication
- adaption for human use
- fossil
- a remnant or impression of an organism from a past geologic age that has been preserved in the earth's crust
- praetor
- official in Rome, in charge of enforcing civil law
- New Testament
- the seond part of the Christian Bible, it provides a record of Jesus's life and teachings
- polytheistic
- having many gods
- clergy
- church leaders
- imperator
- commander in chief, the latin origin of the word emperor
- socratic method
- question and answer format of teaching
- pastoral nomad
- a person who domesticaes animals for food and clothing and moves alon regular migratory routes to provide a steady source of nourishment for these animals
- philosophy
- organized system of thought "love of wisdom"