History Vocab(all of it+more)
i got most of my deffinitions from sophie but i just needed some practice remembering all of them. so yeah, hope they help lots for 2moro!
Terms
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- Serf
- someone who was bound to a piece of land, worked on it for the owner, what most slaves became
- Dictator
- a person in the ancient Roman Republic appointed to rule for 6 months in times of emergency, has all the powers of a king
- Hierarchy
- order of rank and authority within different classes/organizations
- Infidels
- non-Christians
- Bureaucracy
- multiple departments managed by workers chosen by the caliph
- Mecca
- holiest city of Islam
- Sunna
- guiding rules for Islam based on Muhammad's teachings, main rules are the five pillars
- Pope
- the head of the church, had more power than a king
- Charlemagne
- Pepin's son, was crowned emperor by the pope
- Scribe
- a professional writer
- Muslim
- someone that believes in Islam
- Pilgrimage
- a journey to a sacred place of shrine
- Monastery
- a religious community formed by monks
- Guilds
- an associationi of tradespeople made up of merchants, craftspeople, or artisans, particually in the Middle Ages
- Plagues
- widespread diseases
- Polytheism
- the belif in many gods
- Mummy
- a dead body preserved in lifelike conditions
- University
- a guild of students and teachers, a school
- Shiite
- a member of the branch of Islam that supports the descendants of Muhammad as their rightful successors
- Oath of Fealty
- an oath of loyalty sworn to a lord by a vassal in exchange for a fief
- Homage
- honor showed by a vassal to his lord
- William the Conqueror
- led the Normans at the battle of Hastings
- Afterlife
- the next life, in which the dead are belived to live again(a life after death)
- Mosque
- a muslim place of worship
- Tribe
- any system of social organization made up of villages, bands, or other groups with a common ancestry, language, culturem and name(groups of nomadic families, led by shaikh)
- Artisan
- a worker who is skilled in making something(jewelry, pottery, clothes, etc.)
- Faction
- a group that disagrees with the majority
- Oasis
- a small area in the desert that is fertile and watered by springs/wells
- Exile
- forcing someone to live in another country
- Saladin
- a muslim leader in the Crusades
- Diaspora
- the scattering of people who have a common background or belifs
- Senator
- a member of the governing council or the senate
- Five pillars
- 5 basic rules of Islam; profession of faith, prayer, give alms/show charity to the poor, fast during Ramadan, Hajj pilrimage to Mecca
- Colosseum
- a large amphitheatre built in Rome, the site of contests and combats between people and animals
- Feudalism
- social and political arrangement that developed in Europe after the Roman Empire
- Charles Martel
- defeated Muslim invaders in France
- Idol
- an image used for worship, represents a "son or daughter" of Allah
- Famine
- a time when their is so little food that many people starve
- Hildegard of Bingen
- author, musician, physician, founder of convents
- Pyramid
- a huge building with four sloping outside walls shaped like triangles; built as royal tombs
- Rashi
- an important Jewish scholar of the Torah and Talmud
- Franks
- a barbarian kingdom, ruled for 30 years by Clovis, who led them into Christianity
- Gladiators
- a person who fought to the death in an arena fo rhte entertainment of the public; usually a slave
- Pepin
- Martel's son, first king to rule with the blessings of the church
- Caliph
- the civil and religious ruler of a Muslim state
- Clovis
- 15-year old warrior, expanded kingdom of the Franks and led them to Christianity
- Qur'an
- the sacred book of Islam that is belived to contain the revelations made to Muhammad by Allah(god)
- Legacy
- something handed down from an ancestor
- Mosaics
- a picture made with tiles
- Monotheism
- a belif in one god
- Crusades
- the military expeditions undertaken by European Christians, wanted to win the Holy Land from the Muslims
- Sunni
- the branch of Islam that follows orthodox tradition and accepts the validity of the first four caliphs elected as successers to Muhammad
- Aqueducts
- a structure that carries water over long distances
- Clergy
- a group of people who have been ordained for religious service, had most comfortable living conditions of Middle Ages
- Salvation
- the deliverance of the soul from the penalties of sin
- Emir
- a governor appointed by teh caliph, ruled over provinces in the Middle East
- Knight
- an armed, mounted soldier of the feudal period who serves for a lord
- Papyrus
- and early form of paper made from a reedlike plant found in the marchy areas of the Nile delta
- Muhammad
- the prophet of Islam, messenger of Allah(god)
- Manor
- the castle and estate of a feudal lord
- Fief
- a large feudal estate, particularly in medieval europe
- Tithe
- one tenth of one's income donated to a church, paid in money, produce, or labor
- Dissent
- a dissagreement, emirs were to rule strictly to eliminate them
- Nomad
- a member of a group that moves from place to place following food, water, and grazing land for herds
- Alcuin
- an English monk, a great scholar, helped Charlemagne with reading and writing
- Calligraphy
- "beautiful handwriting," very popular among the Abbasids
- Council
- an assembly to select the next caliph
- Islam
- means "submission" to Allah, formed by Muhammad after receiving a message from Allah
- Excommunication
- taking away someone's membership in the church
- Empire
- multiple people/provinces ruled by one single authority
- Nile
- the longest river in the world, flows throgh northeastern africa into the mediterranean sea
- Vassal
- someone who receives land and protection from a feudal lord in return for loyalty to that lord