Ecclesiology final review words
Terms
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- pentecost
- day of manifestation of the Holy Spirit, given and communicated as a divine in the church, fulfilling the Paschal mystery of Christ according to his promise
- Acts of the Apostles
- book of the new testament that depicts actions of the early Church Community
- Abraham
- Father in faith of the Christian CHur ch; had a calling from God about the radical idea of monotheisml famous story where he deomstrates his faith in God by almost sacrificing his son
- Sacrifice
- giving up something in love of someone else
- monotheism
- the belief in only one god
- moses
- led the jews out of Egypt with the power of God ( the exodus)
- Exodus
- God's saving intervention by which he liberated the Hebres from slavery in Egypt; made covenant with them, and brought them into the Promised Land
- Passover
- Jewish feast commemorating the deliverance of Jews form death by blood of lamb sprinkled on doorposts, which the angel saw and "passed over"
- Liberation
- the freeing of the Hebrews by God
- Babylonian captivity
- 587-839 BC when Jews were exiled to Babylon
- Jewish
- of the religion Judaism; blief in God, Moses, Abraham etc. but still waiting for the "true" MEssiah to comel influential to different sects of religioni
- Greek
- a polytheistic religion based in central Europel influential in philosophy
- Hellenization
- when the Jews seperated, creating different denominations of Judaism and mixing their beliefs with the Greek
- Roman
- dominating polytheistic religion throughout central Europe during Jesus' time; influential governmental laws
- Diaspora
- scattering of Israelites (Jews) from their homeland
- Synagogue
- place of worship for Jews
- Messiah
- Jewish belief that someone will become king and restore Israel to peace and prosperity; Jesus radically challenged this definition with his divine of priest, prophet, and king
- Jesus
- Christian savior and Messiah
- Key themes of the Holy Spirit
- part of the Holy Trinity; presence of God here on earth
- Sanhedrin
- in Jesus' time a group of seventy-one men made up the chief priests, scribes, and elders who made decisions regarding actions of people in the Jewish community
- Gamaliel
- wise Jewish court memeber who advised to leave the apostles alone and stated "...if this plan or this undertaking is of human origin, it will fail; but if it is of god, you will not be able to overthrow them- in that case you may be found fighting God
- conversion
- radical reorientation of the whole life away from sin and evil and toward god
- Reign of God
- a.k.a. kingdom of God; righteousness, peace, and joy in the HOly Spirit present in the person of JEsus; remains in our midst through the people of God and the Eucharist, and will be fully realized in heaven
- Apostles
- strong followers of Jesus
- Mary
- mother of Jesus, story of Jesus' life portrayed though her and the rosary called the sorrowful mysteries, the joyful mysteries, and the Glorious mysteries
- Paul
- originally persecuted the apostles and other followers of Jesus but had a message from God and converted. began to preach the gospel to all of teh Roman Empire
- Peter
- one of teh twelve aposteles; after the death of Jesus continued spreading the work fo God. known as teh father of the church. very influential during the beginning of the church
- Gentiles
- person of non-Jewish faith or religion
- God-Fearers
- Gentiles attracted to Judaism who maintained some association with local JEws without becoming Jewish
- Council of Jerusalem
- first church council that was called to resolve the growing controversy over whether or not Gentile-Christians woul have to observe Jewish Law
- Deacon
- third degree of the Sacrament of Holy Orders; and assistant to a bishop of priest, in the early church, someone appointed to serve those who were poor or otherwise needy in the community
- Stephen
- one of the first deacons; was stoned to death for proclaiming Jesus the Messiah and became the first Christian martyr
- Martyr
- a witness to the truth of the faith, in which the martyr endures even death to be faithful to christ
- Perpetua and Felicity
- perpetua was a wealthy Christian woman and Felicity was her servant; were practiving Christians and were arrested and put into jail; evuntually were killed by gladiators and beca me martyrs
- Hellenistic followers
- Hebrew-speaking followers of Jesus who thought of themselves as Jews, were persecuted for praising Jesus as the Messiah
- Catechumen
- an unbaptized person preparing for membership in the Church
- Roman Persecution
- Romans tried to impress their religious culture into the JEws, but the Jewish/Christianity monotheistic ways rejected their practices; infuriated the ROmans which began the killing and exile of many Christians
- Nero
- initiated the first Roman persecution of Christians; was a huge fire in Rome and blamed the CHristians for starting it
- Domitian
- began first empire-wide persecution of Christians; made a decree that all citizens were to publicly worship ROman gods to receive citizenship, anyone else would be severly tortured and exiled
- Diocletian
- divided the empire into "dioceses" reinstated mandatory Roman god worship
- Heretic
- one who holds a position on an article of faith that conflicts with officially defined teachings
- Apologist
- a christian thinker who defended and explained Christian beliefs
- Prominent Criticisms adressed by apologists
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atheism: accused of atheism because they refused to worship gods of the empire
incarnation: idea that Jesus was God and not human; others said Jesus was not God and that he was Human
Christian practices: the mystery f linking human and divine seemed unnatural and caused suspicion
Social Structure: community seen to be disruptive and antisocial; downplayed long-established social structures upon which society of the time was based - heresy
- a position on an article of faith that conflicts with officially defined teachings
- orthodoxy
- correct teachings about basic Christian beliefs
- Setting the canon
-
writing the New Testament; stores had to meet a specif guidelines
1. written work had an eyewitness to the events
2. accurately reflected the teachings of Jesus as the Apostels remember them
3. consistently used in liturgical settings by church communities
4. general consensus that the writing was sacred and special - tradition
- the deposit of faith as found in the preaching of teh apostles, handed on through the apostolic succession in the church
- sacrament
- an efficacious sign of grace, institutioed by Christ and entrusted to the Church, by which the divine life is dispensed to us through the work of the Holy Spirit
- Bishop
- refers to one who has received the fulness of the Sacrament of teh Holy Orders; the shepherd of a particular church entrusted to him
- presbyter
- another name for elder or priest; served in leadership positions in some faith communities one who has received the second order in Holy Orders
- women in the early church
- several women influence the early church
- constantine
- famour emperor of the East and West territory; had a message from God and won a war through God's power; led to the conversion to Christianity of teh Roman Empire
- Edict of Milan
- declaration allowing religious freedom in the ROman Empire
- Pontifex Maximus
- the title given to emperor and eventually the pope
- arius and arianism
- heresy denying that Jesus is truly God
- catholic
- universal or everywhere
- ecumenical council
- meeting to which all bishops of the world are invited in the exercise of their collegial authority for the purpose of addressing common concerns facing the worldwide church
- council of nicaea
- meeting of bishops in 325 that condemned arianism and formulated the nicene creed
- monophysitism- eutyches
- belief that jesus had only a divine nature, instead of the traditional teaching that jesus had two natures- divine and human
- emperor marcias- council of chalcedon
- gathering of 400 bishops condemned monophysitism
- barbarian
- invading tribes that took over parts of the roman empire and led to its downfall
- visigoths, vandals, huns
- barbaric tribes that adopted christanity
- pax romana
- time of stability and order afforded peope who lived in the roman empire during the height of its power
- apostolic see
- term used for papacy, identifying papal power with that of the apostles, also called "Holy see"
- pope damasus I
- institued the holy see into the papacy and made the connection between the papacy and the apostles
- leo the great
- negotiated with Attila the Hun to spar his city; strengthened the papacy by stating that each pope succeeds St.Peter rather than the previous pope
- patristic period
-
ambrose:
governor of milan, italy; was a fight between the christians and the arians about who was to be bishop and someone proclaimed ambrose to be bishop; was converted to and made bishop in one week, stregnthed christianity through europe
augusting:
wrote the city of god, and the first true autobiography confessions- converted from manicheism and lived as a monk and later served as the bishop of hippo
jerome:
asked by pop damasus to translate the bible into latin, the language of the common peopel at the time; preached to serveral minorities - manicheism
- a religious movement that viewed reality as a constant struggle between spirit (good) and matter (evil)
- vulgate
- st. jerome's latin translation of the bible; derived from vulgar which means of the common people
- city of god
- christian book writted by st. augustine
- literal and spiritual worldviews
- christians should have two views; we need to recognize the deeper, spiritual significance of even the most commonplace things surrounding us if we are to appreciate the christian message
- monasticism
- living a life of solidarity to achieve a deeper spiritual relationship with god on a personal level
- monastic movement
- living alone or in community apart form the rest of society in order to experience gods presence, especially through regular prayer and self-denial, marked by the professiona of religious vows
- monk/abbot
- man who lives the monastic life/ leader of a group of monks
- desert father
- christian men who lived alone in desert territories of northern africa and the middle east in order to sacrafice their lives to christ
- st. anthony of egypt
- sold everything he had to the poor and lived his life in the desrt as a hermit, after twenty years returned to share his wisdom
- st. nonna
- converted her husband to christanity from judaism; her three children were canonized
- st. monica
- st augustines mom; was a christian, influential to augustine
- st. helena
- constantines mom, fund a piece of the true cross
- st. clotilde
- wife of clovis, orthodox christian converted cllovis who became king of the franks who turned manly christian
- st. macrina
- founded the first convent in the eastern roman empire
- st. basil the great
- founded a monastery (eastern portion of roman empire)
- st. benedic
- founded a monastery (western portion of roman empire)
- st. scholastic
- founded a convent (western portion of roman empire)
- convent
- residence of religious women who are bounded together by vows to a religious life
- hagia sophia
- church of the holy wisdom built in constantinople and currently serving as a museum in istanbul
- justinian
- successful leader of military triumphs, legal work, ecclesiastical polity, and architectural activity; hagia sophia was built during his reign
- marks of the church (church of rome)
- four characterics mentioned in the nicene creed (one, holy, catholic, and apostolic)
- patriarchs
- leader of the christian community in major cities of the roman empire
- patriarchates
- a patriarch's office, see, reign, or territory he governs
- paschal mystery
- christs work of redemption accomplished principally by his death, passion, resurrection, and glorious ascension
- grace
- participation in the life of god and the free and undeserved gift that god gives us to respond to our vocation to become his adopted children
- liturgical calendar
- division of the year to mark events in the life of christ
- rogation days
- three days of prayer and penance before the solemnity of the ascension to ask god's blessing on the harvest
- baptistery
- the place where baptisms are celebrated; originally a separate building and now typically a section of the church
- basilica
- church of historical significance that continues to play an important part in the religious life of a particular region
- gregorian chant
- type of song in which one vocal part predominates and no instruments are used
- celibacy
- the state or condition of those who have chosen to remain unmarried and refrain from sexual intercourse for the sake of the kingdom of heaven in order to give themselves entirely to god and to the service of his people
- st patrick
- ordained priest and bishop in france, returned to ireland to evangelize
- st brigid
- nun, monastery, art, illuminations
- st gregory the great
- began his life in civil service, restored the city of rome, his family home became a monastery, he became a monk ,established six monastic ommunities, first monk to become pope used the title "servant of the servants of god"
- st augustine of canterbury
- sent by pope gregory to england with forty monks to convert
- st hilda of whitby
- abbess of whitby, she wa put in charge of a religious house, founded a double at whitby
- abbess
- female leader of a convent
- synod of whitby
- meeting of romand and celtic christians to determine which style of christianity would be followed in england
- st. boniface
- chopped down a tree supposedly dedicated to the god thor, survived which convinced the people to conver to christanity
- king clovis
- first leader of the franks to become christian
- denation of pepin
- king pepin's designation of central part of italy to be governed by the pope
- papal states
- section of italy ruled by the pope untill 1870