World History II Chapter 2
Central
Terms
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- Virgil
- Roman poet during the Age of Augustus who wrote The Aeneid in honor of the ruler
- Twelve Tablets
- Rome's first code of law
- Socrates
- Greek philosopher who used a method of teaching using the question-answer format with critical examination
- Homer
- Greek author who wrote two famous epic poems; The Illiad and The Oddyssey
- republic
- a form of gov't in which the leader is not a king and certain citizens have the right to vote
- democracy
- "the rule of the many"
- Theodosius the Great
- Under his rule, the Romans adopted Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire
- Paul of Tarsus
- preached the Gospel to both Jews and Gentiles
- Hellenistic Era
- time period noted for considerable cultural accomplishment, expecially in the City of Alexandria
- Pericles
- Anthenian statesman who expanded Athens abroad; he ruled Athens during the great age of brilliance and power
- Pax Romana
- period of peace and prosperity (96-180)
- ephor
- elected member of Spartan oligarchy
- Dark Age
- period of time from 1100 - 750 BC; few records remain
- plebians
- Roman social class made up of less wealthy landholders, craftspeople, merchants and small farmers
- Aristotle
- Greek philosopher, student of Plato; wrote Politics: 3 forms of government: monarchy, aristocracy, and constitutional gov't.
- Spartan
- highly self-disciplined
- Alexander the Great
- son of Philip II, thru conquests spread Greek culture into SW Asia
- Augustus
- 1st emperor of the Roman Empire
- Hellenistic
- "to intimidate Greeks"
- Hannibal
- Carthaginian general who marched on Rome from Spain crossing the Alps
- temple
- most important architectural form in classical Greek society
- Jesus
- a Jew who proclaimed that through him God was completing the salvation promised to Israel
- Athens
- surrendered when their fleet was destroyed
- aqueducts
- structures in Rome that kept the people supplied with water
- patricians
- large landowners, formed the ruling class in the Roman Republic
- Philip II
- Macedonian King who conquered Greece at the Battle of Chaeronea; he was assassinated
- Edict of Milan
- Issued in 313 AD - toleration of Christians - gained full rights
- Golden Rule
- do unto others as you would have them do unto you
- Julius Ceasar
- defeated the forces of Pompey; was assassinated
- insulae
- apartment blocks for the poor
- Peloponnesian War
- civil war between Athens and Sparta; lasted 27 years
- oligarchy
- "the rule of a few"
- Carthage
- coast of North Africa
- polis
- the early Greek city-state, central focus of Greek life
- epic poem
- a long poem that tells the deeds of a great hero
- Plato
- Greek philosopher, student of Socrates, published his ideas about the governemnt in The Republic
- Cleisthenes
- Athenian statesman who created the foundations for Athenian democracy
- direct democracy
- a system of gov't in which every male citizen should participate and vote on major issues
- agora
- marketplace, open area for people to assemble in ancient Greece
- Augustus
- Octavian; Caesar's grand-nephew; called the "revered one" by the people
- Mediterranean Sea
- What sea borders Greek and Roman civilization?
- clergy
- church leaders
- Sparta
- oligarchy; rigidly controlled and disciplined society in ancient Greece
- Christianity
- monotheistic religion that emerged during the 1st century
- Athens
- Greek city known for it's pursuit of democracy
- Constantine
- first Christian emperor
- New Testament
- second part of the Christian bible
- law
- one of Rome's chief gifts to the world was its system of what
- Law of Nations
- law which applied to non-Romans, based on natural law or universal law, based on reason
- tragedies
- explore good and evil, the rights of individuals, the nature of divine forces, and the naturre of human beings
- Solon
- Greek Athenian aristocrat who made many reforms; canceled all land debts and freed slaves
- imperator
- comander in chief; the Latin origin of the word Emperor
- concrete
- first used by the Romans in architecture
- Parthenon
- temple dedicated to the goddess Athena
- philosophy
- "love of wisdom"