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World History II Chapter 2

Central

Terms

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Virgil
Roman poet during the Age of Augustus who wrote The Aeneid in honor of the ruler
Twelve Tablets
Rome's first code of law
Socrates
Greek philosopher who used a method of teaching using the question-answer format with critical examination
Homer
Greek author who wrote two famous epic poems; The Illiad and The Oddyssey
republic
a form of gov't in which the leader is not a king and certain citizens have the right to vote
democracy
"the rule of the many"
Theodosius the Great
Under his rule, the Romans adopted Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire
Paul of Tarsus
preached the Gospel to both Jews and Gentiles
Hellenistic Era
time period noted for considerable cultural accomplishment, expecially in the City of Alexandria
Pericles
Anthenian statesman who expanded Athens abroad; he ruled Athens during the great age of brilliance and power
Pax Romana
period of peace and prosperity (96-180)
ephor
elected member of Spartan oligarchy
Dark Age
period of time from 1100 - 750 BC; few records remain
plebians
Roman social class made up of less wealthy landholders, craftspeople, merchants and small farmers
Aristotle
Greek philosopher, student of Plato; wrote Politics: 3 forms of government: monarchy, aristocracy, and constitutional gov't.
Spartan
highly self-disciplined
Alexander the Great
son of Philip II, thru conquests spread Greek culture into SW Asia
Augustus
1st emperor of the Roman Empire
Hellenistic
"to intimidate Greeks"
Hannibal
Carthaginian general who marched on Rome from Spain crossing the Alps
temple
most important architectural form in classical Greek society
Jesus
a Jew who proclaimed that through him God was completing the salvation promised to Israel
Athens
surrendered when their fleet was destroyed
aqueducts
structures in Rome that kept the people supplied with water
patricians
large landowners, formed the ruling class in the Roman Republic
Philip II
Macedonian King who conquered Greece at the Battle of Chaeronea; he was assassinated
Edict of Milan
Issued in 313 AD - toleration of Christians - gained full rights
Golden Rule
do unto others as you would have them do unto you
Julius Ceasar
defeated the forces of Pompey; was assassinated
insulae
apartment blocks for the poor
Peloponnesian War
civil war between Athens and Sparta; lasted 27 years
oligarchy
"the rule of a few"
Carthage
coast of North Africa
polis
the early Greek city-state, central focus of Greek life
epic poem
a long poem that tells the deeds of a great hero
Plato
Greek philosopher, student of Socrates, published his ideas about the governemnt in The Republic
Cleisthenes
Athenian statesman who created the foundations for Athenian democracy
direct democracy
a system of gov't in which every male citizen should participate and vote on major issues
agora
marketplace, open area for people to assemble in ancient Greece
Augustus
Octavian; Caesar's grand-nephew; called the "revered one" by the people
Mediterranean Sea
What sea borders Greek and Roman civilization?
clergy
church leaders
Sparta
oligarchy; rigidly controlled and disciplined society in ancient Greece
Christianity
monotheistic religion that emerged during the 1st century
Athens
Greek city known for it's pursuit of democracy
Constantine
first Christian emperor
New Testament
second part of the Christian bible
law
one of Rome's chief gifts to the world was its system of what
Law of Nations
law which applied to non-Romans, based on natural law or universal law, based on reason
tragedies
explore good and evil, the rights of individuals, the nature of divine forces, and the naturre of human beings
Solon
Greek Athenian aristocrat who made many reforms; canceled all land debts and freed slaves
imperator
comander in chief; the Latin origin of the word Emperor
concrete
first used by the Romans in architecture
Parthenon
temple dedicated to the goddess Athena
philosophy
"love of wisdom"

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