Drugs Affecting the Volume and Ion Content of Body Fluids
Terms
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- Total plasma osmolality = ?
- twice the osmolality of sodium
- Isotonic
- A red blood cell and plasma have the same osmotic pressure.
- hypertonic
-
If the level of salt in the plasma is too high, the cell collapses.
crenation - water is drawn out of the cell. - hypotonic
-
If the level of salt in the plasma is too low, the cell swells and ruptures.
hemolysis - water is drawn into the cell. - Isotonic fluids
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Normal Saline (NS)
Used to replace body fluids - hypertonic fluids
-
More concentrated than plasma
Used to draw water from tissue - hypotonic fluids
-
Less concentrated than plasma
Used to rehydrate tissue - Causes of Hypokalemia
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Treatment with loop or thaizide diuretics
Alkalosis
Excessive insulin
Vomiting, diarrhea, and laxative abuse - Treatment of Hypokalemia
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Potassium salts
Potassium phosphate
Potassium chloride
Potassium bicarbonate -
How do you treat Hypokalemia
via IV? -
Dilute to 40meq/L
Infuse no faster than 10meq/hr in adults
Monitor renal function
Monitor serum lab values - Causes of Hyperkalemia
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Renal disease
Tissue trauma - Treatment of Hyperkalemia
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Withhold foods containing potassium
Calcium salt
Glucose and insulin
Sodium bicarbonate
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (exchange resisn)
hemodialysis - Causes of Hypomagnesium
- Diarrhea, renal disease, chronic ETOH abuse, pancreatitis
- Treatment of Hypomagnesium
-
Oral - Mag gluconate
IM or IV - Mag sulfate - Treatment of Hypermagnesium
- Calcium IV