Teratogens
Terms
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- Folic acid antagonists
- (i.e. mtx, aminopterin) increased spontaneous abortion rate
- Varicella
- skin scarring, chorioretinitis, cataracts, microcephaly, hypoplasia of the hands and feet, muscle atrophy
- Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
- clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina or cervix, vaginal adenosis, abnormalities of the cervix and uterus or testes, possibly infertility
- Vitamin A and derivatives
- increased SAB rate, microtia, thymic agenesis, cardiovascular defects, craniofacial dysmorphism, microphthalmia, cleft lip or cleft palate, mental retardation
- ACEIs
- fetal renal tubular dysplasia and neonatal renal failure; oligohydramnios; IUGR; lack of cranial ossification
- CMV
- microcephaly, hydrocephaly, chorioretinitis, cerebral calcifications, IUGR, microphthalmos, mental retardation, hearing loss
- Lead
- increased SAB rate, stillbirths
- Trimethadione and paramethadione (anticonvulsants)
- cleft lip or cleft palate, cardiac defects, microcephaly, mental retardation
- Lithium
- congenital heart disease (Ebstein's anomaly)
- Thalidomide
- Bilateral limb deficiencies, anotia and microtia, cardiac and GI anomalies
- Phenytoin
- IUGR, mental retardation, microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, cardiac defects, fingernail hypoplasia
- Streptomycin and kanamycin
- hearing loss, CN VIII damage
- Syphilis
- fetal hydrops (severe), abnormalities of the skin, teeth and bones (mild)
- Coumadin derivatives
- nasal hypoplasia and stippled bone epiphysis; developmental delay; IUGR; ophthalmologic abnormalities
- Rubella
- microcephaly, mental retardation, cataracts, hearing loss, congenital heart disease
- Tetracycline
- permanent yellow-brown discoloration of deciduous teeth, hypoplasia of tooth enamel
- Cocaine
- bowel atresias; congenital malformations of the heart, limbs, face and GU tract; microcephaly; IUGR; cerebral infarctions
- Organic mercury
- cerebral atrophy, microcephaly, mental retardation, spasticity, seizures, blindness
- Carbamazepine
- neural tube defects; fingernail hypoplasia; microcephaly; developmental delay; IUGR
- Alcohol
- fetal alcohol syndrome
- Radiation
- microcephaly, mental retardation.
- Androgens and testosterone derivatives
- virilization in females; advanced genital development in males
- Toxoplasmosis
- microcephaly, hydrocephaly, cerebral calcifications, chorioretinitis
- Mumps
- increased SAB rate
- Valproic acid
- neural tube defects (spina bifida), minor craniofacial defects
- What level of medical radiologic exposure confers no teratogenic risk to fetus?
- <0.05 Gy