Medication Administration 2
Terms
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- What are the 6 rights of medication administration?
-
Right person
Righe drug
Right dose
Right time
Right route
Right documentation - After receiving an order from medical control, you should ________ the order back to the Dr.
- echo or repeat
- Define body substance isolation (BSI)
- Measures to decerase risk of exposure to blood and body fluids.
- Define asepsis
- A condition free of pathogens
- Define local
- Limited to one area of the body
- Define systemic
- Throughtout the body
- Define sterile
- Free from all forms of life
- Define medically clean
- Careful handling to prevent contamination.
- Define disinfectant
- Cleansing agent that is toxic to living tissue
- Define antisceptic
- Cleansing agent that is not toxic to living tissue.
- Define sharps container
- Rigid, puncture resistant container clearly marked as a biohazard
- Define topical medication
- Material applied to and absorbed throught the skin or mucous membranes
- Define transdermal
- Absorbed through the skin
- Define sublingual
- Beneath the tongue
- Define buccal
- Between the cheek and gums
- Define occular medication
- Drug administered through the mucous membranes of the eye
- Define nasal medication
- Drug administered through the mucous membranes of the nose.
- Define inhalation
- Drawing of medication into the lungs along with air during breathing
- Define injection
- Placement of medication in or under the skin with a needle and syringe
- Define nebulizer
- Inhalation aid that disperses liquid into aerosol spray or mist
- Define metered dose inhaler
- Handheld device that produces a medicated spray for inhalation
- Define enteral drug administration
- The delivery of any medication that is absorbed through the GI tract
- Define oral drug administration
- The delivery of any medication that is taked by mouth and swallowed into the lower GI tract
- True or false: When using a teaspoon to measure a pediatric dose of a medication, it is okay to use any spoon lying around.
- False. Never use household teaspoons to measure medications, as they vary significantly in volume
- Define hepatic alteration
- Change in a medications chemical composition that occurs in the liver
- Define suppository
- Medication packaged in a soft, pliable form, for insertion into the rectum
- Define enema
- A liquid bolus of medication that is injected into the rectum
- Define bolus
- Concentrated mass of medication
- Define parenteral
- Drug administered outside the GI tract
- Define syringe
- Plastic tube with which liquid medications can be drawn up, stored and injected
- Define hypodermic needle
- Hollow metal tube used with the syringe to administer medications
- Define gauge
- The size of a needle's diameter
- Define ampule
- Breakable glass vessel containing liquid medication
- Define vial
- Plastic or glass container with a self-healing rubber top
- Define nonconstituted drug vial/Mix-o-vial
- Vial with two containers, one holding a powdered medication and the other holding a liquid mixing solution
- Define prefilled/preloaded syringe
- Syringe packaged in a tamper-proof container with the medication already in the barrel
- Define medicated solution
- Parenteral medication packaged in an IV bag and administered as an IV infusion
- Define infusion
- Liquid medication delivered through a vein
- Define intradermal
- Within the dermal layer of the skin
- Define subcutaneous
- The layer of loose connective tissue between the skin and muscle
- Define intramuscular
- Within the muscle
- What are the 5 parenteral routes?
-
Inreadermal
Subcutaneous
Intramuscular
Intravenous
Intraosseous - Capillaries in the dermos afford a very ___________ rate of absorption, with very little or no systemic distribution.
- slow
- The subcutaneous tissue has few blood vessels and thus promotes ___________, sustained absorption, which ______________ a drug's effects on the body.
- slow, prolongs
- To perform a SQ injection what size needle should be used?
- 24-26
- What angle should the needle be insterted to give a SQ injection?
- 45 degrees
- What are the different IM injection sites?
-
Deltoid
Dorsal gluteal
Vastus lateralis
Rectus femoris - What volume injection can be given into the deltoid muscle?
- 2 mL
- What volume injection can be given into the dorsal gluteal?
- 5mL or more
- What volume injection can be given into the vastus lateralis?
- 5ml or more
- What volume injection can be given into the rectus femoris?
- Up to 5mL
- What gauge needle should be used to give an IM injection?
- 21-23
- What size needle should be used to give an intradermal injection?
- 25-27
- Define intravenous access (cannulation)
- Surgical puncture of a vein to deliver medication or withdraw blood
- What are the indications for IV access?
- Fluid and blood replacement, drug administration, and obtaining venous blood specimens for labratory analysis
- Why is venous access preferred over arterial access?
- Venous circulation pressure is lower and presents fewer hemorrhage control complications.
- Define peripheral venous access
- Surgical puncture of a vein in the arm, leg, or neck.
- True or false: You should try to cannulate leg veins after one attempt at a hand or arm vein.
- False; all possibilities in the arms should be exhausted prior to using the legs for access.
- When establishing a peripheral IV, start at the _______________ end of the extremity and work __________________.
- distal, proximally
- Define central venous access
- Surgical puncture of the internal jugular, subclavian or femoral vein
- Define peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)
- Line threaded into the central circulation via a peripheral tube
- Define intravenous fluid
- Chemicall prepared solution tailored to the body's specific needs
- Define colloid solution
- Intravenous solution containing large proteins that cannot pass through capillary mambranes
- Define cyrstalloid solution
- Intravenous solution that contains electrolytes but lack the larger proteins associated with colloids
- What are the 3 types of crystalloid solution?
-
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic - Lactated Ringer's is an example of what kind of solution?
- Isotonic
- Normal saline is an example of what kind of solution?
- Isotonic
- Define isotonic solution
- State in which solutions on opposite sides of a semi-permeable membrane are in equal concentrations
- Define hypertonic
- State in which a solution has a higher solute concentration on one side of a semi-permeable menbrane than on the other.
- Define hypotonic
- State in which a solution has a lower solute concentration on one side of a semi-permeable membrane than the other side.
- The most desirable fluid is replacement is ____________ ____________.
- whole blood
- Do not use any IV fluids after their _________________ ___________; any fluids that appear _______________, _________________, or laced with particulate; or any fluid whose sealed packaging has been opened or tampered with.
- expiration date, cloudy, discolored
- Define administration tubing
- Flexible, clear plastic tubing that connects the solution bag to the IV cannula
- Define cannula
- Hollow needle used to puncture a vein
- Define microdrip tubing
- Administration tubing that delivers a relatively small amount of fluid
- Define macrodrip tubing
- Administration tubing that delivers a relatively large amount of fluid
- Define spike (part of IV set)
- Sharp-pointed device inserted into the IV solution bag's administration port
- Define drip chamber
- Clear plastic chamber that allows visualization of the drip rate
- Define drip rate
- Pace at which the fluid moves from the bag into the patient
- Define drop former
- Device that regulates the size of drops
- What is the number of drops/mL for the average microdrip set?
- 60
- What is the number of drops/mL for the average macrodrip set?
- 10
- Define medication injection port
- Self-healing membrane into which a hypodermic needle is inserted for drug administration
- Define needle adapter
- Rigid plastic device specifically constructed to fit into the hub of an intravenous cannula
- Define extension tubing
- Tubing used to extend a macrodrip or microdrip setup
- What is the volume of fluid that can be held in a burette chamber?
- Between 120 mL and 150 mL
- Define blood tubing
- Administration tubing that contains a filter to prevent clots or other debris from entering the patient
- Define over-the-needle catheter/angiocatheter
- Semi-flexible catheter enclosing a sharp metal stylet
- Define hollow-needle catheter
- Stylet that does not have a Teflon tube but is istelf inserted into the vein and secured there
- Define catheter inserted through the needle (intracatheter)
- Teflon catheter inserted through a large metal stylet
- _____________ gauge needles should be used for fragile veins such as those of elderly or children.
- Small
- _____________ gauge needles are used to increase volume or to administer viscous medications.
- Large
- A venous constricting band should be left in place no longer than ____ minutes.
- 2
- What angle should you insert the needle for IV cannulation?
- 10-30 degrees
- External jugular cannulation should be used for what kind of patients?
- Patients with a decreased or total loss of consciousness and only after other means of peripheral access has been exhausted
- How would you occlude venous return for cannulating the external jugular?
- Place a finger on the external jugular just above the clavicle.