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Medication Administration 2

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What are the 6 rights of medication administration?
Right person
Righe drug
Right dose
Right time
Right route
Right documentation
After receiving an order from medical control, you should ________ the order back to the Dr.
echo or repeat
Define body substance isolation (BSI)
Measures to decerase risk of exposure to blood and body fluids.
Define asepsis
A condition free of pathogens
Define local
Limited to one area of the body
Define systemic
Throughtout the body
Define sterile
Free from all forms of life
Define medically clean
Careful handling to prevent contamination.
Define disinfectant
Cleansing agent that is toxic to living tissue
Define antisceptic
Cleansing agent that is not toxic to living tissue.
Define sharps container
Rigid, puncture resistant container clearly marked as a biohazard
Define topical medication
Material applied to and absorbed throught the skin or mucous membranes
Define transdermal
Absorbed through the skin
Define sublingual
Beneath the tongue
Define buccal
Between the cheek and gums
Define occular medication
Drug administered through the mucous membranes of the eye
Define nasal medication
Drug administered through the mucous membranes of the nose.
Define inhalation
Drawing of medication into the lungs along with air during breathing
Define injection
Placement of medication in or under the skin with a needle and syringe
Define nebulizer
Inhalation aid that disperses liquid into aerosol spray or mist
Define metered dose inhaler
Handheld device that produces a medicated spray for inhalation
Define enteral drug administration
The delivery of any medication that is absorbed through the GI tract
Define oral drug administration
The delivery of any medication that is taked by mouth and swallowed into the lower GI tract
True or false: When using a teaspoon to measure a pediatric dose of a medication, it is okay to use any spoon lying around.
False. Never use household teaspoons to measure medications, as they vary significantly in volume
Define hepatic alteration
Change in a medications chemical composition that occurs in the liver
Define suppository
Medication packaged in a soft, pliable form, for insertion into the rectum
Define enema
A liquid bolus of medication that is injected into the rectum
Define bolus
Concentrated mass of medication
Define parenteral
Drug administered outside the GI tract
Define syringe
Plastic tube with which liquid medications can be drawn up, stored and injected
Define hypodermic needle
Hollow metal tube used with the syringe to administer medications
Define gauge
The size of a needle's diameter
Define ampule
Breakable glass vessel containing liquid medication
Define vial
Plastic or glass container with a self-healing rubber top
Define nonconstituted drug vial/Mix-o-vial
Vial with two containers, one holding a powdered medication and the other holding a liquid mixing solution
Define prefilled/preloaded syringe
Syringe packaged in a tamper-proof container with the medication already in the barrel
Define medicated solution
Parenteral medication packaged in an IV bag and administered as an IV infusion
Define infusion
Liquid medication delivered through a vein
Define intradermal
Within the dermal layer of the skin
Define subcutaneous
The layer of loose connective tissue between the skin and muscle
Define intramuscular
Within the muscle
What are the 5 parenteral routes?
Inreadermal
Subcutaneous
Intramuscular
Intravenous
Intraosseous
Capillaries in the dermos afford a very ___________ rate of absorption, with very little or no systemic distribution.
slow
The subcutaneous tissue has few blood vessels and thus promotes ___________, sustained absorption, which ______________ a drug's effects on the body.
slow, prolongs
To perform a SQ injection what size needle should be used?
24-26
What angle should the needle be insterted to give a SQ injection?
45 degrees
What are the different IM injection sites?
Deltoid
Dorsal gluteal
Vastus lateralis
Rectus femoris
What volume injection can be given into the deltoid muscle?
2 mL
What volume injection can be given into the dorsal gluteal?
5mL or more
What volume injection can be given into the vastus lateralis?
5ml or more
What volume injection can be given into the rectus femoris?
Up to 5mL
What gauge needle should be used to give an IM injection?
21-23
What size needle should be used to give an intradermal injection?
25-27
Define intravenous access (cannulation)
Surgical puncture of a vein to deliver medication or withdraw blood
What are the indications for IV access?
Fluid and blood replacement, drug administration, and obtaining venous blood specimens for labratory analysis
Why is venous access preferred over arterial access?
Venous circulation pressure is lower and presents fewer hemorrhage control complications.
Define peripheral venous access
Surgical puncture of a vein in the arm, leg, or neck.
True or false: You should try to cannulate leg veins after one attempt at a hand or arm vein.
False; all possibilities in the arms should be exhausted prior to using the legs for access.
When establishing a peripheral IV, start at the _______________ end of the extremity and work __________________.
distal, proximally
Define central venous access
Surgical puncture of the internal jugular, subclavian or femoral vein
Define peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)
Line threaded into the central circulation via a peripheral tube
Define intravenous fluid
Chemicall prepared solution tailored to the body's specific needs
Define colloid solution
Intravenous solution containing large proteins that cannot pass through capillary mambranes
Define cyrstalloid solution
Intravenous solution that contains electrolytes but lack the larger proteins associated with colloids
What are the 3 types of crystalloid solution?
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Lactated Ringer's is an example of what kind of solution?
Isotonic
Normal saline is an example of what kind of solution?
Isotonic
Define isotonic solution
State in which solutions on opposite sides of a semi-permeable membrane are in equal concentrations
Define hypertonic
State in which a solution has a higher solute concentration on one side of a semi-permeable menbrane than on the other.
Define hypotonic
State in which a solution has a lower solute concentration on one side of a semi-permeable membrane than the other side.
The most desirable fluid is replacement is ____________ ____________.
whole blood
Do not use any IV fluids after their _________________ ___________; any fluids that appear _______________, _________________, or laced with particulate; or any fluid whose sealed packaging has been opened or tampered with.
expiration date, cloudy, discolored
Define administration tubing
Flexible, clear plastic tubing that connects the solution bag to the IV cannula
Define cannula
Hollow needle used to puncture a vein
Define microdrip tubing
Administration tubing that delivers a relatively small amount of fluid
Define macrodrip tubing
Administration tubing that delivers a relatively large amount of fluid
Define spike (part of IV set)
Sharp-pointed device inserted into the IV solution bag's administration port
Define drip chamber
Clear plastic chamber that allows visualization of the drip rate
Define drip rate
Pace at which the fluid moves from the bag into the patient
Define drop former
Device that regulates the size of drops
What is the number of drops/mL for the average microdrip set?
60
What is the number of drops/mL for the average macrodrip set?
10
Define medication injection port
Self-healing membrane into which a hypodermic needle is inserted for drug administration
Define needle adapter
Rigid plastic device specifically constructed to fit into the hub of an intravenous cannula
Define extension tubing
Tubing used to extend a macrodrip or microdrip setup
What is the volume of fluid that can be held in a burette chamber?
Between 120 mL and 150 mL
Define blood tubing
Administration tubing that contains a filter to prevent clots or other debris from entering the patient
Define over-the-needle catheter/angiocatheter
Semi-flexible catheter enclosing a sharp metal stylet
Define hollow-needle catheter
Stylet that does not have a Teflon tube but is istelf inserted into the vein and secured there
Define catheter inserted through the needle (intracatheter)
Teflon catheter inserted through a large metal stylet
_____________ gauge needles should be used for fragile veins such as those of elderly or children.
Small
_____________ gauge needles are used to increase volume or to administer viscous medications.
Large
A venous constricting band should be left in place no longer than ____ minutes.
2
What angle should you insert the needle for IV cannulation?
10-30 degrees
External jugular cannulation should be used for what kind of patients?
Patients with a decreased or total loss of consciousness and only after other means of peripheral access has been exhausted
How would you occlude venous return for cannulating the external jugular?
Place a finger on the external jugular just above the clavicle.

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