SPN 2200 - Mid Term
Terms
undefined, object
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- our (short forms) =
- nuestro(s)/a(s)
- Este (singular: masc & fem):
- este, esta
- Formal Negative Command - Usted (Comer, Tomar, Vivir)
- subjuntivo - No coma, No tome, No viva
- Aquel (plural: masc & fem):
- aquellos, aquellas
- Example of the difference between Demonstartive Adjectives & Demonstartive Pronouns:
- Dem Adj: Quires comprar este radio? (the noun is always named) // Dem Pro: No, no quiero éste. Quiero ése. (*note: noun is not named & accentos are used)
- Ese (plural: masc & fem):
- esos, esas
- Informal Negative Command - Tú (Comer, Tomar, Vivir)
- subjuntivo - No comas, No tomes, No vivas
- my, mine (long forms) =
- mío(s)/a(s)
- your, his, hers, its (short forms) =
- su(s)
- their (short forms) =
- su(s)
- examples of hacerse:
- El yerno de dona Lidia *se ha hecho* abogado // Mi bisabuelo *se hizo* rico a pesar de haber dejado su patria sin un solo centavo.
- Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronouns: specify to which noun a speaker is reffering to
- Precede the nouns they modify and agree in gender and number
- Informal Affirmative Command - Tú (Comer, Tomar, Vivir)
- Present Third Person - Come, Toma, Vive
- To Become Verbs (reflexive):
- Hacerse, Ponerse, Volverse
- Este (plural: masc & fem):
- estos, estas
- The construction: *Llegar a ser* = involunatry, long term (change)
- indicates: * a change over time & does not imply the subject's voluntary effort. *
- The construction: Volverse + [adjective] expresses = *** not-so temporal mental (change)***
- A radical ** mental ** or psychological change. It often conveys a gradual change in character (note: ** not temporal: longer lasting change **) - in English expressed as: "has turned/become"
- Possesive Adjectives (short & long forms): used to express ownership or possesion
- must agree in gender and number with the object owned, and not with the owner
- your, yours (long forms) =
- tuyo(s)/a(s)
- example of ponerse:
- No *te pongas histerico!* // La senora Urbina *se pone muy feliz* cuando su familia la visita.
- your (short forms) =
- tu(s)
- Basic Ireggular Subjunctive Verbs for Formal Commands: Dar, Estar, Ir, Saber, Ser, Dormir, Pedir, Jugar, Pensar, Mostrar
- Dé, Esté, Vaya, Sepa, Sea, Duerma, Pida, Juegue, Piense, Muestre
- Ese is used:
- to modify nouns that are not close to the speaker, though they may be close to the listner
- example of volverse:
- *Te has vuelto loca?* // Durante los ultimos anos, mi primo *se ha vuelto insoportable.*
- your, yours, their, theirs (long forms) =
- suyo(s)/a(s)
- Reflexive Verb Commands (Ustedes & Tú (Aff + Neg): Ponerse
- Ustedes: Ponganse, Tú (Aff): Ponte // Tú (Neg): No te pongas
- Aquel is used:
- to refer to nouns that are far away from both the speaker and the listner
- Formal Affirmative Command - Ustedes (Comer, Tomar, Vivir)
- subjuntivo - Coman, Tomen, Vivan
- my (short forms) =
- mi(s)
- Three sets of Demonstratvie Adjectives:
- Este (this), Ese (that), Aquel (those over there)
- Formal Negative Command - Ustedes (Comer, Tomar, Vivir)
- subjuntivo - No coman, No tomen, No vivan
- Este is used:
- to point out nouns that are close to the speaker and the listner
- your, his, hers, its (long forms) =
- suyo(s)/a(s)
- Demonstrative Pronouns: refer to the respective nouns as pronouns under the assumption the noun is already known
- identical to dem adejectives, except they carry accent marks - agree in gender and number with the nouns they replace
- Aquel (singular: masc & fem):
- aquel, aquella
- ours (long forms) =
- nuestro(s)/a(s)
- Ese (singular: masc & fem):
- ese, esa
- The construction: *Hacerse* can be followed by a noun or an adjective = *** profession (change)***
- It often implies a change that results from the subject's own effort, such as changes in ** profession ** or social and political status.
- Formal Affirmative Command - Usted (Comer, Tomar, Vivir)
- subjuntivo - Coma, Tome, Viva
- The construction: Ponerse + [adjective] expresses = *** temporal emotional (change)***
- A change in mental, ** emotional **, or physical state that is genrally not long-lasting ( ** temporal ** kind of like estar).
- Irregular Informal Affirmative Commands - Tú (Decir, Hacer, Ir, Poner, Salir, Ser, Tener, Venir)
- Di, Haz, Ve, Pon, Sal, Sé, Ten, Ven
- examples of Llegar a ser:
- La novela que escribio el ano pasado *ha llegado a ser* un superventas.