LI111: Ch.1 - Ch.7 Grammar
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- What are the 9 subject pronouns (incl. formal)and their meanings?
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io - I;
tu, Lei - you, and formal
lui,lei - he,she;
noi - we
voi, Loro - you, and formal
loro - they - What is the conjugation of the verb essere?
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io sono
tu sei
lui è
noi siamo
voi siete
loro sono - The negative of a verb is formed by placing what word before the verb?
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non
i.e. Non siamo a teatro
(we are not at the theater) - In what situation are the formal subject pronouns Lei (singular) and Loro (formal)used?
- They are used among persons who are not well acquainted.
- What phrases are the equivalent of saying "there is" and "there are"?
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C'è (there is)
Ci sono (there are) - Usually, nouns ending in -o are of what gender? What about nouns ending in -a?
- -o nouns are generally masculine. -a nouns are generally feminine.
- Nouns ending in -ore or in a consonant are generally of what gender?
- Masculine
- Nouns ending in -ione are generally of what gender?
- Feminine
- What are the plural endings corresponding to these singular noun endings?: -o, -a, -e
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-i, -e, -i (respectively
i.e.:
un libro --> due libri
una casa --> due case
un dottore --> due dottori - What kind of nouns are invariable? hint: this is related to their endings.
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nouns ending in accented vowels
i.e. due caffè
nouns ending in a consonant
i.e.due film
nouns that are abbreviated
i.e. due cinema(tografo) - Nouns that end in -ca and -ga have which plural endings?
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Their endings are -che and -ghe, respectively.
i.e. un'amica --> due amiche
i.e. una riga --> due rige - Most nouns ending in -io change to what ending?
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-i.
i.e. un nogozio --> due negozi
i.e. un ufficio --> due uffici - What are the indefinite articles for *singular* nouns preceded by: 1. a consonant? 2. a vowel? 3. "z"? 4. "s" + consonant? Give masculine and feminine case.
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1. un libro, una casa
2. un amico, un'amica
3. uno zoo, una zebra
4. uno studente, una studentessa - What are the definite articles for *masculine* nouns preceded by: 1. a consonant? 2. a vowel? 3. "z"? 4. "s" + consonant? Give the singular and plural case.
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1. il libro, i libri
2. l'ospedale, gli ospedali
3. lo zero, gli zeri
4. lo stadio, gli stadi - What are the definite articles for *feminine* nouns preceded by: 1. a consonant? 2. a vowel?
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1. la casa, le case
2. l'autostrada, le autostrade - Bravo and buono are both translated in English as "good"; however, which should be used when "good" means "talented"?
- Bravo
- Basso and corto are both translated as "short". Which refers to height, and which refers to the length of objects?
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Basso refers to someone's or something's height.
Corto refers to the length of objects. - Castano refers only to the colors of what? What word is used to be mean "brown" for everything else?
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Eyes and hair.
Marrone. - Most adjectives usually follow the noun they modify. But there are a few that usually precede the noun. List some of these exceptions.
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Bello, brutto, buono, bravo, cattivo, giovane, vecchio, grande, piccolo, stesso, nuovo, altro, caro*, vero, primo, ultimo.
*meaning dear - When an adjective precedes the noun, the form of the article depends on what?
- The form of the article depends on the first letter of the adjective.
- What is the placement of adjectives when they are modified by the adverbs molto, poco, abbastanza, un po'?
- All adjectives modified by adverbs follow the noun.
- When the adjective buono precedes a singular noun, it has the same endings as which indefinite article?
- The indefinite article, un. Note however, that buono in its plural forms has regular endings.
- An adjective must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies. What are the endings for adjectives ending in -o?
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-o (singular, masculine)
-i (plural, masculine)
-a (singular, feminine)
-e (singular, feminine) - An adjective must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies. What are the endings for adjectives ending in -e?
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-e (singular, masc and fem)
-i (plural, masc and fem) - Conjugate the verb avere (to have).
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io ho
tu hai
lui ha
noi abbiamo
voi avete
loro hanno - What are the endings of regular -are verbs conjugated in the present tense? Conjugate the verb, cantare (to sing).
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io cant-o
tu cant-i
lui cant-a
noi cant-iamo
voi cant-ate
loro cant-ano - There present tense in Italian is rendered in English in different ways (verb forms). What are they, for the phrase, "Io canto."?
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I sing. (present)
I am singing. (present progressive)
I do singing (present emphatic) - The verbs ascoltare (to listen for), aspettare (to wait for), guardare (to look at), differ from their English equivalents by not being followed by what?
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A preposition.
i.e. Aspettiamo l'autobus.
i.e. Guardate le foto? - Imparare (to learn), (in)cominciare (to begin), and insegnare (to teach) take what before an infinitive?
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A preposition.
i.e. Incomincio a parlare in italiano. - Pensare takes a preposition before an infinitive depending on the meaning of the clause that follows. What are these two cases of pensare?
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Pensare a: means to "think about something or someone"
Pensare di: means to "think about doing something" -
To express purpose (in order to), Italian uses which preposition before an infinitive?
i.e. I study (in order) to learn. -
per + infinitive
i.e. Studio per imparare. - What are the English translations of these simple prepositions?: di (d'), a, da, in, con, su, per, tra (fra)?
- di (d')- of; con- with; a- at, to, in; su- on, over, above; da- from, by; per- for, in order to; in- in; tra (fra)- between, among
- What preposition is used to express possession, and place of origin?
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di (d').
i.e. Il libro è di Antonio.
i.e. Lei è di Londra. - What are contractions of the preposition "a" with the following definite articles?: il, lo, la, l', i, gli, le?
- al, allo, alla, all', ai, agli, alle. (respectively)
- What are contractions of the preposition "da" with the following definite articles?: il, lo, la, l', i, gli, le?
- dal, dallo, dalla, dall', dai, dagli, delle
- What are contractions of the preposition "di" with the following definite articles?: il, lo, la, l', i, gli, le?
- del, dello, della, dell', dei, degli, delle
- What are contractions of the preposition "in" with the following definite articles?: il, lo, la, l', i, gli, le?
- nel, nello, nella, nell', nei, negli, nelle
- What are contractions of the preposition "su" with the following definite articles?: il, lo, la, l', i, gli, le?
- sul, sullo, sulla, sull', sui, sugli, sulle
- What are definitions of the following adverbs often used as prepositions?: sopra, sotto, dentro, fuori, davanti (a), dietro, vicino (a), lontano(da)
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above, on (top of); under; in, inside; out, outside; in front (of), before; behind, after; near, beside, next to; far (from).
(respectively) - Translate these Italian phrases: above, on (top of); under; in, inside; out, outside; in front (of), before; behind, after; near, beside, next to; far (from).
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sopra, sotto, dentro, fuori, davanti (a), dietro, vicino (a), lontano(da).
(respectively.) - Quale and che are interrogative adjectives. What does each indictiave?
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Quale means "which."
Che means "what kind."
note: che is also used in exclamations, meaning "what!" or "what a...!" - What are the endings of regular -ere verbs conjugated the in present tense? Conjugate the verb scrivere (to write).
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io scrivo
tu scriv-i
lui scriv-e
noi scriv-iamo
voi scriv-ete
loro scriv-ono - What are the endings of regular -ire verbs conjugated the in present tense? Conjugate the verb dormire (to write).
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io dorm-o
tu dorm-i
lui dorm-e
noi dorm-iamo
voi dorm-ite
loro dorm-ono - The partitive is used to indicate a part of a whole or an undetermined quantity or number (or in English, "some"). What is the Italian equivalent of the adjective "some"?
- di + the definite article
- Alcuni, qualche, and un po' di are forms that translate as "some". "Un po' di" can be followed by a plural or singular noun, but what about the other two?
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Alcuni is always followed by a plural noun.
Qualche is always followed by a singular noun.
Exception: when the noun can be measured, but not counted. - This interrogative adjective meaning "how much" or "how many" agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies. What is it, and its forms?
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Quanto:
Quanto, quanti, quanta, quante - To express age, Italian uses what phrase form?
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avere + number + anni
i.e. Pietro ha diciannove anni. - Count from 0 to 9 in Italian.
- zero, uno, due, tre, quattro, cinque, sei, sette, otto, nove.
- Count from 10 to 19 in Italian.
- dieci, undici, dodici, tredici, quattordici, quindici, sedici, diciassette, diciotto, diciannove.
- Count from 20 to 29 in Italian.
- venti, ventuno, ventidue, ventitre, ventiquattro, venticinque, ventisei, ventisette, ventotto, ventinove
- Translate the following numbers into their Italian prefixes: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100.
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dieci, venti, trenta, quaranta, cinquanta, sessanta, settanta, ottanta, novanta, cento
Note: these numbers drop the final 'o' before a noun. - All numbers are invariable except two. What two numbers are variable, and what are their forms?
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Zero and uno.
Uno has the same forms as the indefinite article un. - What is the Italian translation of thousand, million, billion?
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thousand: mille, mila
million: milione, milioni
billion: miliardo, miliardi - What are the meanings of the following adjectives expressing quantity?: molto, tanto, troppo, poco
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molto: much, a lot of; many
tanto: much, so much; so many
troppo: too much; too many
poco: little; few - What are the forms of the following adjectives expressing quantity?: molto, tanto, troppo, poco
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molto, molta, molti, molte
tanto, tanta, tanti, tante
troppo, troppa, troppi, troppe
poco, poca, pochi, poche - What is the meaning of the invariable adjective ogni and as a rule, what does it always proceed?
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Ogni: each, every
It always precedes a singular noun. - Give the meaning of tutto, and its forms. What follows it when it is used as an adjective?
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Tutto: the whole; all, every
tutto, tutta, tutti, tutte
The adjective tutto is followed by the definite article. - Conjugate the irregular -are verb, andare(to go).
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io vado
tu vai
lui va
noi andiamo
voi andate
loro vanno - Conjugate the irregular -are verb, fare(to do; to make).
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io faccio
tu fai
lui fa
noi facciamo
voi fate
loro fanno - Conjugate the irregular -are verb, andare(to give).
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io do
tu dai
lui dà
noi diamo
voi date
loro danno - Conjugate the irregular -are verb, stare (to stay; to feel).
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io sto
tu stai
lui sta
noi stiamo
voi state
loro stanno - What are the days of the week, in Italian?
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Domenica, lunedi, martedi, mercoledi, giovedi, venerdi, e sabato.
plural of domenica: domeniche
plural of sabato: sabati - What is the expression for number + times a + expression of time
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article + expression of time.
i.e. due volte allanumber + volte + definite settimana - Conjugate the irregular -ere verb, bere (to drink).
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io bevo
tu bevi
lui beve
noi beviamo
voi bevete
loro bevono - Conjugate the irregular -ere verb, dovere (to have to, must; to owe).
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io devo
tu devi
lui deve
noi dobbiamo
voi dovete
loro devono - Conjugate the irregular -ere verb, potere (can, may, to be able to).
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io posso
tu puoi
lui puo
noi possiamo
voi potete
loro possono - Conjugate the irregular -ere verb, volere (to want)
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io voglio
tu voui
lui vuole
noi vogliamo
voi volete
loro vogliono - Conjugate the irregular -ere verb, sapere (to know [a fact]).
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io so
tu sai
lui sa
noi sappiamo
voi sapete
loro sanno - Conjugate the regular -ere verb, conoscere (to know [be familiar with])
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io conosco
tu conosci
lui conosce
noi conosciamo
voi conoscete
loro conoscono - Conjugate the possessive adjectives for the following possessors: io, tu, lui, noi, voi, loro.
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il mio, la mia, i miei, le mie
tuo, tua, tuoi, tue
suo, sua, suoi, sue
nostro, nostra, nostri, nostre
vostro, vostra, vostri, vostre
loro, loro, loro, loro - Posessive adjectives are always proceded by the definite article and contract with it (i.e. dallo) except for what kind of nouns?
- Singular, unmodified nouns that refer to a relative.
- Conjugate the semi-irregular verb finire (to finish).
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io fini-sc-o
tu fini-sc-i
lui fini-sc-e
noi fini-iamo
voi fin-ite
loro fin-isc-ono - Conjugate the irregular -ire verb, dire (to say, to tell).
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io dico
tu dici
lui dice
noi diciamo
voi dite
loro dicono - Conjugate the irregular -ire verb, uscire (to go out).
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io esco
tu esci
lui esce
noi usciamo
voi uscite
loro escono - Conjugate the irregular -ire verb, venire (to come).
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io vengo
tu vieni
lui viene
noi veniamo
voi venite
loro vengono - What are the 4 direct-object pronouns used in Italian?
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lo, la, li, e le
Note: the pronouns lo and la drop the final vowel before a word beginnin with a vowel -
The passato prossimo expresses three English tenses. What are they for this sentence:
Ho portato. -
Past perfect: I have carried.
Past: I carried.
Emphatic: I did carry. - What are the participio passato (past participle) endings corresponding to -are, -ere, and -ire verbs?
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-ato for -are verbs
-uto for -ere verbs
-ito for -ire verbs - Give the participio passato for the following verbs: comprare, ricevere, e dormire
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comprato
ricevuto
dormito - The negative form of the passato prossimo is expressed by placing non in front of which verb?
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The auxiliary verb.
i.e. Non ho avuto tempo. - The passato prossimo conjugated with the auxiliary verb avere must agree in ___ and ___ with the direct object pronouns they refer.
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They must agree in gender and number.
i.e. Comprato la rivista? Si, l'ho comprata. - Intransitive verbs conjugated with this auxiliary verb must agree with the subject in gender and number. What is that verb?
- essere
- What two phrases can be used to ask what time it is?
- che ora è? o Che ore sono?
- What phrase form is used to answer the question "what time is it"?
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è + l'una/mezzogiorno/mezzanotte
o
sono le + number - What words distinguish general times of day? i.e., afternoon, AM, PM, evening, etc.
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di mattina
del pomeriggio
di sera
di notte - What is the Italian phrase for "At what time"? What is the phrase form for the response?
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A che ora?
Response: a + definite article + expression of time - What are the three translations of time? Give examples.
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Non ho tempo.
Che ora è?
Tre volte al giorno. - The preposition a is used before...?
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before the names of cities and small islands
before nouns such as casa, scuola, teatro, piedi, letto, and tavola - The preposition in is used before...?
- before the names of continents, countries, states, regions, and large islands; before nouns such as classe, biblioteca, ufficio, chiesa, citta, montagna, viaggio, vacanza; nouns of transportation, such as treno, aereo, macchina, bicicletta, etc.
- The preposition da is used before...?
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before a person's name, title, or profession to refer to that person's home or workplace
before a disjunctive pronoun to represent a person's home or workplace
Note: da contracts with the definite article