Shradha's Po' Shun
Terms
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- conformation
- process by which the characterization of an animal in regard to environmental variables. The animal is a conformer if it allows some conditions within its body to vary with certain external changes.
- surface tension
- a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. Water has a high surface tension because of the hydrogen bonding of surface molecules
- cation
- positively charged ion (lost electrons)
- fatty acid
- a long carbon chain carboxylic acid. Fatty acids vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat.
- non polar covalent bond
- electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity
- evaporative cooling
- the property of a liquid whereby the surface becomes cooler during evaporation, owing to a loss of highly kinetic molecules to the gaseous state.
- cohesion
- the bonding together of like molecules; usually by hydrogen bonds
- structural isomers
- compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.
- triglycerol
- fat, Storage form of fat.
- isotopes
- atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain so with a different mass
- unsaturated fatty acid
- a fatty acid possessing one or more double between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.
- potential energy
- the energy stored by matter as a result of its location or spatial arrangement
- monomer
- subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer
- polar molecule
- a molecule (such as water) with opposite charges on opposite sides
- heat of vaporization
- the amount of heat energy required to convert one gram of a substance from a liquid to a gas
- anion
- negatively charged ion (gained electrons)
- hydrocarbons
- An organic molecule composed of only carbon and hydrogen.
- molarity
- concentration measured by the number of moles of solute per liter of solvent
- starch
- storage polysaccharide in the roots and other tissues of plants, consisting entirely of glucose monomers
- carbohydrates
- a sugar (monosach) or one of its dimers (disach) or polymers (polysach)
- dehydration reaction
- a reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule, usually water; also called condensation reaction
- condensation reaction
- a reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule, usually water; also called dehydration reaction
- proteins
- a 3-D biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids
- structural formula
- a type of molecular notation in which the constituent atoms are joined by lines representing covalent bonds
- steroids
- a type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached
- chitin
- A structural polysaccharide of an amino sugar found in many fungi and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods.
- polymer
- A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.
- saturated fatty acid
- all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds, thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton
- chemical bonds
- an attraction between two atoms resulting from the sharing of outer-shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges
- hydrophobic
- Having an aversion to water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water (example = motor oil).
- chemical reactions
- a process leading to chemical changes in matter; involves making and or breaking of chemical bonds; new product
- glycosidic linkage
- Covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.
- cholesterol
- A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.
- molecular formula
- a molecular notation indicated only t he quantity of the constituent atoms
- specific heat
- the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 gram of that substance to change its temperature by 1 deg. C
- glycogen
- An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch
- functional groups
- the specific configuration of atoms commonly attached by the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.
- reactants
- the elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction
- organic chemistry
- the study of carbon compounds
- geometric isomers
- compounds that have the same molecular formual but different in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.
- covalent bonds
- a type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons
- cellulose
- A structural polysaccharide of cell walls, consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1, 4-glycosidic linkages.
- ionic bond
- chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions
- lipids
- one of a family of compounds including fats, phospholipids, and steroids, that are insoluable in water
- van der waals interaction
- weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that are brought about by localized charge fluctuations
- products
- newly formed substances, right of the arrow; Ending materials in a chemical reaction.
- electronegativity
- the attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond
- hydrophillic
- having a like for water (affinity) such as phospholipid heads
- molecule
- the smallest particle (one or more atoms) of a substance that has all the properties of that substance
- polysaccharide
- A polymer of up to over 1000 monosaccharides, formed by dehydration reactions.
- monosaccharide
- The simplest carbohydrate, active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars, the molecular formulas of monosaccharides are generally some multiple of CH20.
- double covalent bond
- two atoms share two pairs of electrons
- disaccharide
- a double sugar formed from 2 monosaccharides combining in a condensation (dehydration) reaction
- solvent
- a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
- fat
- a compound consisting of three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule
- hydrogen bond
- a type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule
- hydrolysis
- a chemical process that lyses or splits molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion
- macromolecule
- A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules, usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids are macromolecules.
- solute
- the dissolved substance in a solution
- phospholipids
- a molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head and a nonpolar hydrophobic tail.
- adhesion
- the attraction between different kinds of molecules
- energy
- the capacity of a system to do work (or create heat)
- solution
- a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
- polar covalent bond
- A covalent bond in which the electrons are unevenly shared between the bonded atoms, resulting from the atoms' different electronegativities.