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Shradha's Po' Shun

Terms

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conformation
process by which the characterization of an animal in regard to environmental variables. The animal is a conformer if it allows some conditions within its body to vary with certain external changes.
surface tension
a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. Water has a high surface tension because of the hydrogen bonding of surface molecules
cation
positively charged ion (lost electrons)
fatty acid
a long carbon chain carboxylic acid. Fatty acids vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat.
non polar covalent bond
electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity
evaporative cooling
the property of a liquid whereby the surface becomes cooler during evaporation, owing to a loss of highly kinetic molecules to the gaseous state.
cohesion
the bonding together of like molecules; usually by hydrogen bonds
structural isomers
compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.
triglycerol
fat, Storage form of fat.
isotopes
atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain so with a different mass
unsaturated fatty acid
a fatty acid possessing one or more double between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.
potential energy
the energy stored by matter as a result of its location or spatial arrangement
monomer
subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer
polar molecule
a molecule (such as water) with opposite charges on opposite sides
heat of vaporization
the amount of heat energy required to convert one gram of a substance from a liquid to a gas
anion
negatively charged ion (gained electrons)
hydrocarbons
An organic molecule composed of only carbon and hydrogen.
molarity
concentration measured by the number of moles of solute per liter of solvent
starch
storage polysaccharide in the roots and other tissues of plants, consisting entirely of glucose monomers
carbohydrates
a sugar (monosach) or one of its dimers (disach) or polymers (polysach)
dehydration reaction
a reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule, usually water; also called condensation reaction
condensation reaction
a reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule, usually water; also called dehydration reaction
proteins
a 3-D biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids
structural formula
a type of molecular notation in which the constituent atoms are joined by lines representing covalent bonds
steroids
a type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various functional groups attached
chitin
A structural polysaccharide of an amino sugar found in many fungi and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods.
polymer
A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.
saturated fatty acid
all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds, thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton
chemical bonds
an attraction between two atoms resulting from the sharing of outer-shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges
hydrophobic
Having an aversion to water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water (example = motor oil).
chemical reactions
a process leading to chemical changes in matter; involves making and or breaking of chemical bonds; new product
glycosidic linkage
Covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.
cholesterol
A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.
molecular formula
a molecular notation indicated only t he quantity of the constituent atoms
specific heat
the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 gram of that substance to change its temperature by 1 deg. C
glycogen
An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch
functional groups
the specific configuration of atoms commonly attached by the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions.
reactants
the elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction
organic chemistry
the study of carbon compounds
geometric isomers
compounds that have the same molecular formual but different in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.
covalent bonds
a type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons
cellulose
A structural polysaccharide of cell walls, consisting of glucose monomers joined by b-1, 4-glycosidic linkages.
ionic bond
chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions
lipids
one of a family of compounds including fats, phospholipids, and steroids, that are insoluable in water
van der waals interaction
weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that are brought about by localized charge fluctuations
products
newly formed substances, right of the arrow; Ending materials in a chemical reaction.
electronegativity
the attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond
hydrophillic
having a like for water (affinity) such as phospholipid heads
molecule
the smallest particle (one or more atoms) of a substance that has all the properties of that substance
polysaccharide
A polymer of up to over 1000 monosaccharides, formed by dehydration reactions.
monosaccharide
The simplest carbohydrate, active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars, the molecular formulas of monosaccharides are generally some multiple of CH20.
double covalent bond
two atoms share two pairs of electrons
disaccharide
a double sugar formed from 2 monosaccharides combining in a condensation (dehydration) reaction
solvent
a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
fat
a compound consisting of three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule
hydrogen bond
a type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule
hydrolysis
a chemical process that lyses or splits molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion
macromolecule
A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules, usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids are macromolecules.
solute
the dissolved substance in a solution
phospholipids
a molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head and a nonpolar hydrophobic tail.
adhesion
the attraction between different kinds of molecules
energy
the capacity of a system to do work (or create heat)
solution
a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
polar covalent bond
A covalent bond in which the electrons are unevenly shared between the bonded atoms, resulting from the atoms' different electronegativities.

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