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MedTerm Ch. 8

Terms

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hemo, hemato
blood
positron emission tomography
radionuclide scans, usefulin determining the recurrence of cancers or to measure response to therapy
chromo, chromato
color
complete blood count
most common laboratory blood test performance as a screen of general health or for diagnostic purposes
polymorphonuclear leukocyte
PMN
hematocrit
measurement of the percentage of packed red blood cells in a given volume of blood
thymus
primary gland of the lymphatic system, produces T cells
active immunity
protects the body against a future infection, result of antibodies that develop naturally after contracting infection or artificiall after administration of a vaccine
monocyte
agranulocyte that performs phagocytosis
thrombocytopenia
bleeding disorder characterized by an abnormal decrease in the number of platelets in the blood, impairs clotting process
crossmatching
method of matching a donor's blood to the recipient by mixing a sample in a test tube to determine compatibility
thymo
thymus gland
lacteals
specialized lymph vessels in the small intestine, absorb fat
myelo
bone marrow, spinal cord
macrocytosis
presence of large red blood cells
mononucleosis
condition caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. Increases mononuclear cells in blood.
immunoglobulin
protein antibodies secreted by B lymphocytes, protect body from invasion of foreign pathogens
NK cells
natural killer lymphocytes
Rh negative
absence of antigens on RBCs
basophil
granular leukocyte, brings anticoagulant substance to inflamed tissues
splenomegaly
enlargement of the speen
erythrocyte
red blood cell
pernicious anemia
macrocytic-normochromic type of anemia, results in an inadequate supply of vitamin B12, causes red blood cells to become large, varied in shape, and reduced in number
differential count
number of each type of white blood cell seen on a stained blood smear
blood chemistry
test of the fluid portion of blood to measure the presence of a chemical constituent
serum
liquid portion of the blood left after the clotting process
antibody
substance that destroys or inactives the antigen
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
timed test to measure the rate at which red blood cells settle or fall through a given volume of plasma
myelodysplasia
disorder within the bone marrow characterized by the proliferation of abnormal stem cells
reticulocytosis
an increase of immature erythrocytes in the blood
spleno
spleen
basic metabolic panel
batter of tests used as a general screen for disease: calcium, caron dioxide, chloride, creatinine, glucose, potassium, sodium, and blood urea nitrogen
bone marrow biopsy
a pathological examination of bone marrow tissue
poikilocytosis
presence of large irregularly shaped red blood cells
blood culture
test to determine if infection is present in the bloodstream by isolating a specimen of blood in an environment that encourages the growth of microorganisms
lymphadenopathy
presence of enlarged (diseased) lymph nodes
anisocytosis
the presence of red blood cells of unequal size
comprehensive metabolic panel
tests in addition to basic metabolic panel for expanded screening purposes: albumin, bilirubin, alkaline phsophatase, protein, ALT, and AST
red blood cell or count
RBC
chemotherapy
treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with chemical agents that destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce
morpho
form
microcytosis
presence of small red blood cells
hematocrit
HCT
chylo
juice
blasto
germ or bud
iron deficiency anemia
microcytic-hypochromic type of anemia, lack of iron affects production of hemoglobin and makes red blood cells small
white blood cell or count
WBC
lymph ducts
collecting channels that carry lymph from the lymph nodes to the veins
mean corpuscular hemoglobin
content in weight of hemoglobin in average red blood cell. = HGB/RBC
polycythemia
increase in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood
platelets
thrombocytes, cell fragments in blood essential for clotting
AIDS
syndrome caused by HIV that renders immune cells ineffective
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
AIDS
lymph capillaries
microscopic vessels that draw lymph from the tissues to lymph vessels
hemoglobin
HGB
mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
average hemoglobin concentration in each red blood cell. = HGB/HCT
blood transfusion
introduction of blood products into the circulation of a recipient whose blood volume is reduced or deficient in some manner
leukemia
chronic or acute malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, marked by abnormal leukocytes in the blood and bone marrow
mean corpuscular volume
MCV
bone marrow aspiration
needle aspiration of bone marrow tissue for pathological examination
lympho
clear fluid
positron emission tomography
PET
thoracic duct
receives lymph from the left side of the head, neck, chest, abdomen, left arm, and lower extremities
plasma
liquid portion of the blood and lymph
lymph nodes
many small oval structures that filter lymph
lymphoma
any neoplastic disorder of lymph tissue, usually malignant
computed tomography
CT
hemochromatosis
hereditary disorder that results in an excessive buildup of iron deposits in the body
iron
Fe
CD4 cell count
measure of the number of CD4 cells in the blood; used in monitoring the course of HIV
polymorphonuclear leukocyte
another term for neutrophil
blood component therapy
transfusion of specific blood components such as packed red blood cells, platelets, and plasma
lymphadenectomy
removal of a lymph node
immuno
safe
erythroblastis fetalis
disorder that results from the incompatibility of a fetus with an Rh-positive blood factor and a mother who is rh negative. Causes RBC destruction in fetus.
aspartate aminotransferase
AST
lymph vessels
receive lymph from lymph capillaries, circulate lymph to lymph nodes
lymphangiogram
x-ray image of a lymph node or vessel taken after injection of a contrast medium
computed tomography
full-body x-ray CT images are used to detect tumors and cancers. What does CT stand for?
hemophilia
group of herditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors
IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM
5 major classes of immunoglobulins
prothrombin time
test to measure the activity of prothrombin in the blood
thymectomy
removal of the thymus gland
spleen
removes cellular debris by performing phagocytosis, location where immune response is initiated by lymphocytes
leukocyte
white blood cell
pancytopenia
abnormally reduced number of all cellular components in the blood
vasoconstrictor
drug that causes a narrowing of blood vessels, decreasing blood flow
carbon dioxide
CO2
mean corpuscular hemoglobin
MCH
erythropenia
abnormally reduced number of red blood cells
myelo
spinal cord
partial thromboplastin time
test to determine coagulation defects such as platelet disorders
hemoglobin
protein-iron compound contained in the erythrocyte
red blood count
number of red blood cells per cubic millimeter
T, B, NK, K-type
4 types of lymphocytes
hemolysis
break down of red blood cell membrane
lymphocyte
agranulocyte that is active in process of immunity
vasodilator
drug that causes dilation of blood vessels, increasing blood flow
lymph
fluid originating in organs and tissues
white blood count
number of white blood cells per cubic millimeter
lymphocytopenia
abnormally reduced number of lymphocytes
immunotherapy
use of biological agents to prevent or treat disease by stimulating the body's own defense mechanisms
blood urea nitrogen
BUN
lymphadenotomy
incision into a lymph node
mean corpuscular volume
volume of individual cells, = HCT/RBC
lymph node dissection
removal of possible cancer-carrying lymph nodes for pathological examination
neutropenia
decrease in the number of neutrophils
passive immunity
results from antibodies that are conveyed naturally through the placenta to a fetus or artificiall by injection of a serum containing antibodies
metastasis
process by which cancer cells are spread by blood or lymph
platelet count
PLT
phago
eat or swallow
antigen
substance that causes the formation of antibodies against it
anemia
condition where there is a reducution in the number of red blood cells, the amount of hemoglobin, or the volume of packed red cells in the blood
plasmapheresis
removal of plasma from the body with separation and extractin of specific elements followed by reinfusion
immunoglobulin
Ig
venipuncture, phlebotomy
an incision into or puncture of a vein to withdraw blood for testing
Rh factor
presence, or lack, of antigens on the surface of RBCs that may cause a reaction between the blood of the mother and fetus
homologous blood
blood voluntarily donated by any person for transfusion to a compatible recipient
blood indices
calculations of RBC, HGB, and HCT results to determine the average size, hemoglobin concentration, and content of red blood cells for classification of anemia
immunocompromised
impaired immunological defenses caused by an immunodeficiency disorder or therapy with immunosuppressive agents
chyle
white or pale yellow substance of lymph that contains fatty substances
prothrombin
protein substance in the blood that is essential to the clotting process
right lymphatic duct
receives lymph from upper-right part of the body
autologous blood
blood donated by a patient for future personal use
band
inmmature neutrophil
agranulocytes
group of leukocytes without granules
anticoagulant
drug that prevents clotting of the blood
granulocytes
group of leukocytes containing granules in the cytoplasm
neutrophil
granular leukocyte, fights bacteria by swallowing
bone marrow transplant
transplantation of healthy bone marrow from a compatible donor to a diseased recipient ot stimulate blood cell production
Rh positive
presence of antigens on RBCs
plaso
formation
B cells
bone marrow derived lymphocytes
platelet count
number of thrombocytes in the blood
complete blood count
CBC
blood chemistry panels
specialized batteries of automated blood chemistry tests performed on a single sample of blood.
hemostatic
drug that stops the flow of blood within the vessels
thromboplastin
substance present in tissues, platelets, and leukocytes that is necessary for coagulation
prothrombin time
PT
splenectomy
removal of the spleen
immunosuppression
impaired ability to provide an immune system
autoimmune disease
any disorder characterized by abnormal function of the immune system that causes the body to produce antibodies against itself
immunity
process of disease protection induced by exposure to an antigen
partial thromboplastin time
PTT
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
ESR
reticulo
a net
red cell morphology
size and shape of the red blood cells in the background of smeared slide
septicemia
systemic disease caused by the infection of microorganisms and their toxins in the circulating blood
T cells
Thymus dependent lymphocytes
aplastic anemia
normocytic-normochromic type of anemia, causes failure of bone marrow to produce red blood cells
alanine aminotransferase
ALT
eosinophil
granular leukocyte, increased with allergy and some infections
thrombo
clot
mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
MCHC

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