MedTerm Ch. 8
Terms
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- hemo, hemato
- blood
- positron emission tomography
- radionuclide scans, usefulin determining the recurrence of cancers or to measure response to therapy
- chromo, chromato
- color
- complete blood count
- most common laboratory blood test performance as a screen of general health or for diagnostic purposes
- polymorphonuclear leukocyte
- PMN
- hematocrit
- measurement of the percentage of packed red blood cells in a given volume of blood
- thymus
- primary gland of the lymphatic system, produces T cells
- active immunity
- protects the body against a future infection, result of antibodies that develop naturally after contracting infection or artificiall after administration of a vaccine
- monocyte
- agranulocyte that performs phagocytosis
- thrombocytopenia
- bleeding disorder characterized by an abnormal decrease in the number of platelets in the blood, impairs clotting process
- crossmatching
- method of matching a donor's blood to the recipient by mixing a sample in a test tube to determine compatibility
- thymo
- thymus gland
- lacteals
- specialized lymph vessels in the small intestine, absorb fat
- myelo
- bone marrow, spinal cord
- macrocytosis
- presence of large red blood cells
- mononucleosis
- condition caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. Increases mononuclear cells in blood.
- immunoglobulin
- protein antibodies secreted by B lymphocytes, protect body from invasion of foreign pathogens
- NK cells
- natural killer lymphocytes
- Rh negative
- absence of antigens on RBCs
- basophil
- granular leukocyte, brings anticoagulant substance to inflamed tissues
- splenomegaly
- enlargement of the speen
- erythrocyte
- red blood cell
- pernicious anemia
- macrocytic-normochromic type of anemia, results in an inadequate supply of vitamin B12, causes red blood cells to become large, varied in shape, and reduced in number
- differential count
- number of each type of white blood cell seen on a stained blood smear
- blood chemistry
- test of the fluid portion of blood to measure the presence of a chemical constituent
- serum
- liquid portion of the blood left after the clotting process
- antibody
- substance that destroys or inactives the antigen
- erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- timed test to measure the rate at which red blood cells settle or fall through a given volume of plasma
- myelodysplasia
- disorder within the bone marrow characterized by the proliferation of abnormal stem cells
- reticulocytosis
- an increase of immature erythrocytes in the blood
- spleno
- spleen
- basic metabolic panel
- batter of tests used as a general screen for disease: calcium, caron dioxide, chloride, creatinine, glucose, potassium, sodium, and blood urea nitrogen
- bone marrow biopsy
- a pathological examination of bone marrow tissue
- poikilocytosis
- presence of large irregularly shaped red blood cells
- blood culture
- test to determine if infection is present in the bloodstream by isolating a specimen of blood in an environment that encourages the growth of microorganisms
- lymphadenopathy
- presence of enlarged (diseased) lymph nodes
- anisocytosis
- the presence of red blood cells of unequal size
- comprehensive metabolic panel
- tests in addition to basic metabolic panel for expanded screening purposes: albumin, bilirubin, alkaline phsophatase, protein, ALT, and AST
- red blood cell or count
- RBC
- chemotherapy
- treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with chemical agents that destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce
- morpho
- form
- microcytosis
- presence of small red blood cells
- hematocrit
- HCT
- chylo
- juice
- blasto
- germ or bud
- iron deficiency anemia
- microcytic-hypochromic type of anemia, lack of iron affects production of hemoglobin and makes red blood cells small
- white blood cell or count
- WBC
- lymph ducts
- collecting channels that carry lymph from the lymph nodes to the veins
- mean corpuscular hemoglobin
- content in weight of hemoglobin in average red blood cell. = HGB/RBC
- polycythemia
- increase in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood
- platelets
- thrombocytes, cell fragments in blood essential for clotting
- AIDS
- syndrome caused by HIV that renders immune cells ineffective
- acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- AIDS
- lymph capillaries
- microscopic vessels that draw lymph from the tissues to lymph vessels
- hemoglobin
- HGB
- mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
- average hemoglobin concentration in each red blood cell. = HGB/HCT
- blood transfusion
- introduction of blood products into the circulation of a recipient whose blood volume is reduced or deficient in some manner
- leukemia
- chronic or acute malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, marked by abnormal leukocytes in the blood and bone marrow
- mean corpuscular volume
- MCV
- bone marrow aspiration
- needle aspiration of bone marrow tissue for pathological examination
- lympho
- clear fluid
- positron emission tomography
- PET
- thoracic duct
- receives lymph from the left side of the head, neck, chest, abdomen, left arm, and lower extremities
- plasma
- liquid portion of the blood and lymph
- lymph nodes
- many small oval structures that filter lymph
- lymphoma
- any neoplastic disorder of lymph tissue, usually malignant
- computed tomography
- CT
- hemochromatosis
- hereditary disorder that results in an excessive buildup of iron deposits in the body
- iron
- Fe
- CD4 cell count
- measure of the number of CD4 cells in the blood; used in monitoring the course of HIV
- polymorphonuclear leukocyte
- another term for neutrophil
- blood component therapy
- transfusion of specific blood components such as packed red blood cells, platelets, and plasma
- lymphadenectomy
- removal of a lymph node
- immuno
- safe
- erythroblastis fetalis
- disorder that results from the incompatibility of a fetus with an Rh-positive blood factor and a mother who is rh negative. Causes RBC destruction in fetus.
- aspartate aminotransferase
- AST
- lymph vessels
- receive lymph from lymph capillaries, circulate lymph to lymph nodes
- lymphangiogram
- x-ray image of a lymph node or vessel taken after injection of a contrast medium
- computed tomography
- full-body x-ray CT images are used to detect tumors and cancers. What does CT stand for?
- hemophilia
- group of herditary bleeding disorders in which there is a defect in clotting factors
- IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM
- 5 major classes of immunoglobulins
- prothrombin time
- test to measure the activity of prothrombin in the blood
- thymectomy
- removal of the thymus gland
- spleen
- removes cellular debris by performing phagocytosis, location where immune response is initiated by lymphocytes
- leukocyte
- white blood cell
- pancytopenia
- abnormally reduced number of all cellular components in the blood
- vasoconstrictor
- drug that causes a narrowing of blood vessels, decreasing blood flow
- carbon dioxide
- CO2
- mean corpuscular hemoglobin
- MCH
- erythropenia
- abnormally reduced number of red blood cells
- myelo
- spinal cord
- partial thromboplastin time
- test to determine coagulation defects such as platelet disorders
- hemoglobin
- protein-iron compound contained in the erythrocyte
- red blood count
- number of red blood cells per cubic millimeter
- T, B, NK, K-type
- 4 types of lymphocytes
- hemolysis
- break down of red blood cell membrane
- lymphocyte
- agranulocyte that is active in process of immunity
- vasodilator
- drug that causes dilation of blood vessels, increasing blood flow
- lymph
- fluid originating in organs and tissues
- white blood count
- number of white blood cells per cubic millimeter
- lymphocytopenia
- abnormally reduced number of lymphocytes
- immunotherapy
- use of biological agents to prevent or treat disease by stimulating the body's own defense mechanisms
- blood urea nitrogen
- BUN
- lymphadenotomy
- incision into a lymph node
- mean corpuscular volume
- volume of individual cells, = HCT/RBC
- lymph node dissection
- removal of possible cancer-carrying lymph nodes for pathological examination
- neutropenia
- decrease in the number of neutrophils
- passive immunity
- results from antibodies that are conveyed naturally through the placenta to a fetus or artificiall by injection of a serum containing antibodies
- metastasis
- process by which cancer cells are spread by blood or lymph
- platelet count
- PLT
- phago
- eat or swallow
- antigen
- substance that causes the formation of antibodies against it
- anemia
- condition where there is a reducution in the number of red blood cells, the amount of hemoglobin, or the volume of packed red cells in the blood
- plasmapheresis
- removal of plasma from the body with separation and extractin of specific elements followed by reinfusion
- immunoglobulin
- Ig
- venipuncture, phlebotomy
- an incision into or puncture of a vein to withdraw blood for testing
- Rh factor
- presence, or lack, of antigens on the surface of RBCs that may cause a reaction between the blood of the mother and fetus
- homologous blood
- blood voluntarily donated by any person for transfusion to a compatible recipient
- blood indices
- calculations of RBC, HGB, and HCT results to determine the average size, hemoglobin concentration, and content of red blood cells for classification of anemia
- immunocompromised
- impaired immunological defenses caused by an immunodeficiency disorder or therapy with immunosuppressive agents
- chyle
- white or pale yellow substance of lymph that contains fatty substances
- prothrombin
- protein substance in the blood that is essential to the clotting process
- right lymphatic duct
- receives lymph from upper-right part of the body
- autologous blood
- blood donated by a patient for future personal use
- band
- inmmature neutrophil
- agranulocytes
- group of leukocytes without granules
- anticoagulant
- drug that prevents clotting of the blood
- granulocytes
- group of leukocytes containing granules in the cytoplasm
- neutrophil
- granular leukocyte, fights bacteria by swallowing
- bone marrow transplant
- transplantation of healthy bone marrow from a compatible donor to a diseased recipient ot stimulate blood cell production
- Rh positive
- presence of antigens on RBCs
- plaso
- formation
- B cells
- bone marrow derived lymphocytes
- platelet count
- number of thrombocytes in the blood
- complete blood count
- CBC
- blood chemistry panels
- specialized batteries of automated blood chemistry tests performed on a single sample of blood.
- hemostatic
- drug that stops the flow of blood within the vessels
- thromboplastin
- substance present in tissues, platelets, and leukocytes that is necessary for coagulation
- prothrombin time
- PT
- splenectomy
- removal of the spleen
- immunosuppression
- impaired ability to provide an immune system
- autoimmune disease
- any disorder characterized by abnormal function of the immune system that causes the body to produce antibodies against itself
- immunity
- process of disease protection induced by exposure to an antigen
- partial thromboplastin time
- PTT
- erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- ESR
- reticulo
- a net
- red cell morphology
- size and shape of the red blood cells in the background of smeared slide
- septicemia
- systemic disease caused by the infection of microorganisms and their toxins in the circulating blood
- T cells
- Thymus dependent lymphocytes
- aplastic anemia
- normocytic-normochromic type of anemia, causes failure of bone marrow to produce red blood cells
- alanine aminotransferase
- ALT
- eosinophil
- granular leukocyte, increased with allergy and some infections
- thrombo
- clot
- mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
- MCHC