MVHS AP BIOLOGY CH 9, CELLULAR RESPIRATION CAMPBELL REECE ED.
Terms
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- A partial degradation of sugars that occurs without the help of oxygen. Alcohol and Lactic are two examples.
- Fermentation
- Oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel. A catabolic pathway for the production of ATP.
- Cellular Respiration
- Oxidation-Reduction reactions
- Redox Reactions
- The loss of electrons from one substance
- Oxidation
- The addition of electrons to another substance.
- Reduction
- The electron donor.
- Reducing Agent
- The electron acceptor.
- Oxidizing Agent.
- (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) a conenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism.
- NAD+
- Breaks the fall of electrons to oxygen into several energy-releasing steps instead of one explosive reaction.
- Electron Transport Chain
- The degradation of glucose by breaking glucose into two molecules of a compound called pyruvate.
- Glycolosis
- Decomposes a derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide.
- Krebs cycle
- The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
- The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.
- Substrate Phosphorylation
- The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration.
- Acetyl coA
- A component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplast.
- Cytochrome
- The enzyme that actually makes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
- ATP Synthesis
- The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient, generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.
- Proton-Motive Force
- Coupling mechanism between the chemical reaction that makes ATP and transport across a membrane.
- Chemiosmosis
- Oxygen is present.
- Aerobic
- Oxygen is not present.
- Anaerobic
- The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.
- Alcohol Fermentation
- The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.
- Lactic Acid Fermentation
- Organisms that are able to survive with or without oxygen.
- Facultative Anaerobes
- A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two carbon fragments which enter the Krebs cycle as acetyl coA.
- Beta Oxidation