LAST SEM> COMS 3
Terms
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- proper workspace design can result in fewer injuries, headaches, and general aches and pains for computer users
- T
- the americans with diabilities act (ADA) requires companies with 1 or more employees to make reasonable accommodations for known physical or mental limitations of otherwise qualified individuals, unless doing so results in undue hardship for the company
- F
- The National Electronics Products Stweardship Initiative is developing a plan that would accept old computers and other electronic products, recycle what is possible, and safely dispose the rest
- T
- Although the ability to be in touch constantly is an advantage fro some people, under certain condictions, it can also be a source of great stress.
- T
- unlike the law diminishing returns for economics and production, the value of additional information while performing internet research continues to increase, so it's always worth your time to pursue it.
- F
- burnout is often born from bad intentions
- F
- the digital divide refers to the differences between individuals within a particulatr country, but NOT between one country and another
- F
- More men than women use the Internet to check news, weather, and sports, but more women go online to find information on health services or practices
- T
- one-handed keyboards are available for users that have the use of only one had.
- T
- There are feet mice, which are controlled by the feet
- T
- screen reading devices can typically read everything on the screen, including images with no alternative text descriptions.
- F
- an alternative text descripation can easily be added to an image when Web page id developed, but it is not always done.
- T
- Alternative text descriptions are displayed wthen the image is pointed to with the mouse or other pointing device.
- T
- it now appears that the so-called paperless office that many visionaries predicted for the computer age is largely a myth.
- T
- It is possible to recharge all useed cartidges and resell them
- F
- Moore's law is no long applicable today
- F
- each qubit can only represent two states
- F
- alan turing argued in a 1950 article taht if a machine could successfully pretend to be human to a knowledgeable observer then it should be considered intelligent.
- t
- many turing test contests have been held over the years, but so far, only three computers have passed the test
- f
- IBM's Deep Blue computer beat Kasparov, the World Class Chess Champion in a rematch in 1997.
- t
- Computing capabilities are increasingly being built into watches, cell phones, and other small devices.
- T
- A vertual keyboard device projects a keyboard image onto a flat surface and translates motion on that projected image back to the computer as imput
- T
- Robots are devices, controlled by a human operator or a computer, that can move and react to sensory input.
- T
- At its simplest level, VR computer programs still require the installation of special hardware.
- f
- Vein recognition systems authenticate individuals based on the patterns of the veins in their hand.
- t
- Dual-core processors greatly improve performance in PCs, but they require a significant change to the basic architecture of the PC.
- f
- 3-D display screens require special 3-D glasses like traditional three-dimensional applications.
- F
- With robot-assisted surgery, the robot device actually operates on the patient, but it is controlled by a surgeon either physically or verbally.
- t
- ThE Pew Internet and American Life projects issued a report on U.S. Internet users, which indicated there is a pattern of broader internet use as income increases.
- t
- Family households with children under age 18 are ____ likely to use the Internet
- more
- Households with an annula income of $75,000 and over are ___ likely to use the internet
- more
-
Research has found that people with disabilities tend to use theo computers and the Internet at rates
____ the average for a given population - below
- For blind and other visually impaired individuals, screen ____ (software that reads alound all information displayed on the computer screen, such as instructions, menu options, documents, and web pages, can be used.
- readers
- A surge in discarded televisions is expected when TV signals switch from analog to ____ in 2007 and many consumers replace their older TVS with models taht suport HDTV
- digital
- _____ paper (e-paper) displays written content in electronic form, but on thinner, more paper-like plastic displays
- electronic
- ______ is a science of how to make the computer workspace, hardware and environment fit the individuals using it
- ergonomics
- The digital ___ refers to the gap between those who have access to computers and communications technology and those who do not
- divide
- A flat-panel display radiates ____ heat than a CRT monitor
- less
- The world's firt environmentally friendly desktop PC was released by ____ in 2002
- NEC
- In 1998, Congress amended the ________ Act to require federal agencies to make their electronics and information technology accessible to people with disabilities
- Rehabilitation
- According to a senior research scientist at ____, an optical computer could solve a problem in on ehour that would take an electronic computer 11 years to solve
- NASA
- It is expected that __________ in the furture will continue to become integrated in other devices, grow in capacity, and include encryption and digital rights management capabilities
- flash memory drives
- While flash memory drives have been existence for several years, they are beginning to include ____ capabilities and become available in unconventional formats
- encryption
- Regardless of how an expert system is created, it is important to realize that its conclusions are based on the data and _____ stored in its knowledge base, as well as the informatikon provided by the users.
- rules
- Artifical intelligence systems that attempt to imitate the way a human brain works are called _____ networkds
- neural
- Neural network systems (also called neural nets) are similar to computer networks, only the networked components are _______, not entire computers.
- processors
- _________ are often used in biometric identification systems, such as analyzing fingerprints in the fingerprint identification system.
- Neural networks
- Robotics is the field devoted to the study of ____ technology
- robot
- True robotic surgery--where robots perform surgery on their own _____ likely to happen soon
- isn't
- A _____ robot is a robot used to check out rails, buildings, caves, and other structures beofre soldiers enter them
- battlefield
- As is often the case with new technology developed for the military of NASA, there ____ expected consumer benefits based on the research being done in the areas of e-fabric and exoskleton suits
- are
- _______ chips, which use light waves to transmit data, are in development
- optical
- A condiction know a ______ syndrome-- a painful and crippling condition affecting the hands and writs has been traced to the repetitive finger movement made when using a keyboard, although it can be caused by non-computer-related activities as well.
- carpal tunnel
- _________________ is the science of fitting a work environment to the people who work there.
- ergonomics
- People who refer to written documents while working on their PCs should use a document ____________ to keep their documents close the monitor
- holder
- Keyboard ___________ lower the keyboard, enabling the user to use ergonomically correct posture more easily, wich means keeping the roearms parallel to the floor.
- drawer
- One kind of E-paper consists of two sheets of thin transparent plastic with millions of small beads surrounded by liquid called electronic
- ink
- Antiglare __________- that fit over the monitor screen can be used to lessen glare and resulting eyestain
- screens, shields
- Writ __________ designed to be placed next to the mouse or keyboard-- can be used to help keep ywritst straight while those devices are being used, as well as to suppot and minimize the pressure points on the writs and forearms when resting.
- rest
- _____________ services that can locate and deliver appropriate newspaper and Web site content to you on a daily basis based on yoru specified interests are another way to reduce information overload
- clipping
- ___________ is an XML-based format designed for sharing headlines and other content published to a web site.
- really simple syndication
- ____________ is an emerging disorder suffered by people who find the virtual reality on computer screens more attractive than everyday reality
- computer addiction, CAD, computer addiction disorder, Internet addition, IAD
- Hardware and software specifically designed for use by individuals with physical disabilities are called ____________ technology
- assistive
- ___________ recognition systems, which use special software and a microphone, can be used to input data and give commands to the PC hands-free
- voice
- The process called __________ imprints patterns on semiconductor materials
- lithography
- _________ storage technology records through the entire thickness of the material, so much more data can be stored on the same-sized disc.
- holographic
- Use of ________ power such as solar power and hand power, with PCs and mobile devices is expected to continue to grow
- alternative
- A _________ computer is one that uses light, as from laster beams or infrared beams, to perform digital computations.
- optical
- Optical _____, wich use light waves to transmit data, are currently in development.
- chips
- It is expected that he PC of the furture will include________ more environmentally friendly, harware than today
- greener
- nanotechnology may ultimately solve much of the toxic wast problem associated with ________ by rearranging dangerous components, at the atomic level, into inert substances.
- e-trash, electronic waste
- _________________ is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines
- AI, artificial intelligence
- __________ agents are small programs taht perform specific tasks, such as retrieving and delivering information as specified by the user, authomating repetive tasks, and helping to make a user's work environment more efficient or entertaining.
- intelligent
- Intel is proposing the creation of an entirely new _____________ network to work in conjunction with the existing Internet in order to help route Internet traffic for increased speed and efficiency
- overlay
- Agents called ________, respond in natural languages, utilize animated characters that respond both verbally and with appropriate physical gestures to try to create the illusion that the exchange is taking place between two thinking, living entities.
- chatterbots
- ___________ systems are software programs that perform tasts that would otherwise be performed by a human expert.
- expert
- The software program part of an expert system, called the _______ engine, is used to apply the rules to the data stored in the knowledge base to reach decisions.
- inference
- One biometric technique identifies individuals by the way they walk called _________; another identifies individuals by the composition of their skin.
- gait recognition
- _________ is/are tiny comptuers containing one or more sensors that are powered by a battery and that can communicate with others via minuscule radio transmitters.
- motes, smart dust
- A state of fatigue or frustration brought about by overwork
- burnout
- The gap between those who have access to computers and communications technology and those who do not
- digital divide
- A connector between a portable PC and conventional desktop PC hardware, such as a keyboard, mouse,monitor, and printer.
- docking station
- A painful and crippling condition affecting the hands and wrists
- carpal tunnel syndrome
- The use of computers in an environmentally friendly manner
- green computing
- Software that reads aloud all information displayed on the computer screen, such as instrutions, menu options, documents, and web pages.
- screen reader
- Reusable, erasable paper, typically comprised of thin plastic
- electronic paper
- A clamp or other device, commonly attached to a monitor or resting on a desk, that holds documents used for computer input
- document holder
- A certification, often issued by a government agency, that identifies a device as meeting minimal environmental performance specifications
- eco-label
- The ability of a scanning device to recognize written or typed characters on a paper-based document and convert it to electronic form as text, not an image
- optical character recognition
- The technology that works at the individual atomic and molecular levels to creat computer chips and other components that are housands of times smaller than conventional technologies
- nanotechnology
- Alternative for Internet connects that uses power-pole infrastructure and a building's regular power lines to provide access to the Internt
- BPL
- The prediciton taht hte number of transistors per square inch on a chip would continue to double every eyar or so for the foreseeable future
- Moore'e Law
- Computers tha tutilize atoms or nuclei working togehter as quantum bits
- quantum computers
- computers that use light, such as from laser beams or infrared beams, to perform digital computations
- optical computers
- The science and engineering of making intelligent machines
- artifical intelligence
- Small programs taht perfrom specific tasts, such as retrieving and delivering information as specified by the user, authomating repetive tasks, and helping to make a users work environment more efficient or entertainign
- intelligent agents
- Agents that utilize animated characters taht respond both berbally and with appropriate physical gestures to try to create the illusion that the exchange is taking place between two thinking, living entities
- chatterbots
- The database componet fo expert systems
- knowledge base
- software program that is used to apply the rules to the data stored in the knowledge base to reach decisions.
- inference engine
- What are intelligent agents
- intelligent agents are software programs taht do specified jobs based on yoru instructions
- whWhat can scanners with optical character recognition capabilities do
- scanners with optical character recognition capabilities can input printed documents into the computer as edcitable text
- What are screen readers
- screen readers are softwares taht read aloud all information displayed on the computer screen, such as instructions, menu opitons, documents, and web pages.
- What do braille printers print
- braille printers print embossed dots in braille format on paper
- why can't screen reading devices typically read images or graphics
- in order fro navigational images or other graphics to be userstandable to vistors using screen reading software, the images must be identified with an alternative text description. this description can easily be added to an image when the web page is developed, but it is not always done.
- List VR pssoibilties in entertaiment, design and engineering, education and traning, e-commerece and medicine
-
Entertainment- enables individuals to experience activities such as exploring ancient civilixations, touring museums, batteling enemies in games, and parachuting out of an airplane.
Desing and engineering- permits clients to perform activities such as previewing building before construction or previewing and selecting from various interior or landscape designs.
Education and training- allows students to participate in activities such as previewing buildings before constructions.
Education and traing- allows student to participate in activities such as exploring and taking part in an historical event, or sately practiving how to drive a bus.
E-commerce- enab les consumers to experience activities such as touring homes for sale, customizing and viewing products before purchasing them.
medicine- allows physicians to practice activities such as simulating the ffect of medical treatment or tying out new surgical techniques; allows patients to be distracted from the discomfort of treatment, such as chemotherapy. - Repetitive stree injuries and other injuries related to the workplace environment are estimated to account for ______ of all serious workplace injuries
- 1/3
- Work place stree injuries have cost up to _____________ each year in lost wages, health care expenses, legal costs
- $50 billion
- Common physical conditions caused by computer use include
- eyestrain, blurred vision, fatigue, headaches, and backaches
- CTS is an example of
- repetitive stree injury
- repetitive stress injury
- in head, wrist, shoulder or neck pain caused by performing the same physical movements over and over
- computer vision syndrome
- a collection of eye and vision problems associated with computer use
- A ______ contains a connector to attach a portable PC, plus ports to connect conventional desktop PC peripherals, such as keyboards
- docking station
- An alternative to a docking station designed primarily to elevate the display screen of a notebook or tablet PC so it can be used instead of an external monitor
- notebook stand
- use a shape and key arrangement designed to lessen the stain on the hands and wrists
- ergonomic keyboards
- typically look more like joystricks than mice and are designed for more comfortable use by extensive mouse users
- ergonomic mice
- lower the keyboard
- keyboard drawers
- sometimes called copy holders, can be used to keek documents close to the monitor, enabling the user to see both the document and the monitor
- document holders
- antioglare shields that cover the monitor screen can be used to lessen glare and resulting eyestrain
- antiglare screens
- designed to be placed next to the mouse or keyboard can be used to help keep wrists straight while those deviceds are being used
- wrist rests
- Workers who report feeling stressed incur more health-care costs, an average of _____ more per person, according to one study
- $600
- American Institute of stress, it costs U.S. employers more than _____ billion each year in health care, missed work, and stress-reduction services provided to employees
- $300
- Work to lower-paid workers in countries such as Ireland, India, China, and Russia is also becoming increasingly common for clerical work, technical support, and software development
- outsourcing
- The U.S. Senate receives between _______________ e-mail messages each day
- 1 and 2 million
- which locate and deliver appropriate newspaper and Web site content to you on a daily basis, based on yoru specified interests.
- clipping services
- software programs taht do specified jobs based on your instructions- can also gather information for hyou on a regular basis, as wel as perform other helpful taskis
- intelligent agents
- a state of fatigue or frustration brought about by overowrk
- burnout
- Some studies indicate that over ______ of internet users suffer from internet addiction to some degree
- 6%
- It is estimated that ____ of germany's population is addicted to the internet
- 3%
- According to the Nielsen/NetRatings, about _____ of the population of the United States is now online
- 2/3
- male users most often seek _______________________ while female users seek
-
news, financial infromation, sports
health or religous information - The ________ divide is about some countries having access to technology and others not
- global
- telemdicine
- aims to provide medical care via the computer to local residents. with telemdicine residents could be diagnosed and treated without leaving their villiage
- low cost computer use first in India, and then in other countries, particularly third-world countries
- simputers
- ______ accepts input via voice, in addition to electronic pen and onscreen keyboard, and included text to sepech capabilities to read screen output to users.
- simputer
- simputers are also called
- community digital assistant
- Simputers cost between
- $200-400
- hardwar and softgware specifally designed for use by individuals with physical disabilities
- assistive technology
- Americans with Disabilities Act requires companies with ____ or more employees to make reasonable accommodations fro known physical or mental limitations of otherwise qualified individuals, unless doing so results in undue hardship for the company
- 15
- large-key keyboards, or conventional keyboards with braille or large print key overlays are available for visually impaired computers
- braille keyboards
- mental or plastic plates that fit over conventional keyboards enable users with limited hand mobility to press the keys on a keyboard, using his or hier fingers or a special device
- keyguards
- vailable for users who have the use of only one hand
- one handed keyboards
- use special software and a microphone to input data and gi ve commands to the PC hands free
- voice recognition
- systehardware devices that can be activiated with ahnd, foot, finger, or face movemtn or with sips and puffs of air. can be used in conjunction with a keyboard, mouse or other input device to perform a preprogrammed set of actions
- switches
- capabilities can input printed documents into the computer as editable text
- optical character recognitions
- software that reads aloud all information displayed on the computer screen, such as instructions, menu options and documents
- screen readers
- continuously convert screen oupt into braille form on the display
- draille displays
- which print embossed output in braille formot on paper
- braille printers
- To encourage the development of energy-saving devices, the U.S department of Energy and the environmental protection agency developed
- energy star pgrom
- The hardware that is ________________ compliant exceeds the minimun federal standards for reduced energy consumption and can display the _________ label
- energy star
- An _____________ device projects a keyboard image onto a flat surface and translates motion on that projected image back the computer
- virtual keyboard
- involves creating computer components, machines, and other structures that are less than 100 nonometers in size. one naometer is ________ of a meter
- nanotechnology, one-billionth
- ___________ applies the principles of physics and quantum mechanics to computers, going beyond traditional physics to work at the subatomic level
- quantum computers
- a computer that uses light, such as form laster beams or infrared beams, to pefrom digital computations
- optical computer
- Ultra Widceband (UWB)
- a wireless technology orgiginally developed for the military in the 1960s
- Broadband over power lines BPL
- uses the existing power-pole infrastructure (with the addition of some new hardware at the power poles) and a building's regular power lines to provide acces to the Internet
- programs that perfrom specific tasxts to help to make a user's work environemtn mroe efficeient or telesurgery is a _ application
- intelligent agentstelemedicine
- software programs that perfrom tasks that would otherwise be performed by a human expertthe use of communications technology to provide medical information and services
- expert systemstelemedicine
- a database taht contains facts provided bya human expert and rules that the expert system shoulduse to make decisions based on those facts
- knowledge base
- a software program that applies the rules to the data stored in the knowledge base to reach decisions
- inference engine
- artificial intelligence systems that attempt to imitate the way a human brain works called
- neural networks
- wearable robotic systems designed to give soldiers additional physical capbilities and protection
- exoskeloton suit
- In quantum computing ________ which can represent more than two possible states, care used instead of electronic bits
- qubits
- with _______ individuals can connect to the internet via ordinary power outlets
- broadband over power lines
- The most widely used test for artificial intelligence, in which an observer tries to determine if written responses to questoins came from a person or a computer is the ________
- Turing Test
- An intelligent agent that searcheds online stores to find the best prices for the products you specify is called __________
- shopping bot
- Sony's AIBO dog is an example of a personal
- robot
- Being able tow "walk thorugh" a museum online is an example of _______ applications
- virtual relatiy
- The _________ was the first RFID chip approved to be implated under a person's skin for identificaiton purposes
- VeriChip
- Diagnosing a patient via input received over th Internet and performing remote robot[asisted surgery are example of _____ applications
- telemedicine