Data Processing Chapter 3
Terms
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- A _______ connects the CPU to the main memory.
- System Bus
- The CPU contains the ____ _____ and the _____/____ unit.
-
Control Unit
Arthemetic/logic unit - Converts computer output into a video signal that is sent through a cable to the monitor, which displays an image on the screen.
- Video Card
- Memory chips in the system Unit
- RAM
- An interface used to connect devices that are capeable of transfering more than one bit at a time (Ex: Printer)
- Parallel Port
- The name given to memory chips storing data that only can be read
- Read-only memory (ROM)
- Memory stores the ______, other ____ _____ _____ _____ and _____ being processed by the application programs.
-
Operating system
System Software Application Programs, data - The _____ is a coding scheme used primarily on mainframe computers.
- EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code)
- The interface, or point of attachment, to the system unit
- port
- The computers capibility to automatically configure expansion cards and other devices as they are configured.
- Plug and Play
- The _____ _____ ____ are buses that eliminates the need to install cards into expansion slots.
- Universial Serial Bus (USB)
- The CPU...
- interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer
- The number of bits the CPU can process at a given time
- Word Size
- _____ is the process of obtaining a program instruction or data item from memory.
- Fetching
- A component of the CPU that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer
- control unit
- Memory chipc in the system Unit
- RAM
- A _____ is equal to exactly 1,024 bytes, but often is rounded down to 1,000 bytes by computer users.
- kilobyte
-
A SCSI, or small computer system interface, port is a special high-speed parallel port used to attach ________ devices.
(Ex: disk drives, printers) - perpherial
-
A digit that represents the smallest unit of data the computer can handle.
Ex: One Digit - bit
- A _____ is equal to approximately one million bytes.
- Megabyte
- ____ is an example of volatile memory.
- RAM
- A chip that the control unit relies on that synchronizes, or controls the timing of all computer operations
- System Clock
- Flash memory or flash ROM is diferent from PROM because PROM can only be ________ once.
- programmed
- For memory, access times are measured in terms of a nanosecond (ns), which is one _____ of a second.
- billionth
- Motherboard is also know as
- System board
- In most computers, the word size is the _____ as the bus width.
- same
- What is the System Unit?
- A box-like case that houses the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data.
- The ____ ___ is the most common and slowest expansion bus.
- ISA Bus
- A ____ _____ is a high-speed expansion bus used to connect higher-speed devices.
- Local Bus
- Intel-compatible microprocessors have the same internal design or srchitecture as ______ _______.
- Intel Processors
- An open area inside the system unit used to install additional equipment
- Bay
- Human Speech is ___, meaning it uses continuous signals to represent data and information
- analog
- _____ is the process of traanslating an instruction into commands the computer understands.
- Decoding
- 8 digits grouped together
- byte
- _____ is the process of writing results to memory.
- Storing
- ______ is the process of carrying out commands.
- Executing
- Used to enhance the sound-generating capabilities of a personal computer by allowing sound to be input through a microphone and output through speakers
- Sound Card
- Clock speed, the speed at which a processor executes instructions, is measured in ____ or ____ which equates to one million ticks of the system clock.
- ticks or pulses
- Arethmetic operations include ____,_____,_____,&_____.
- addition, subtraction, multiplication, division
- The _____ code is the most widely used coding system to represent data.
- American Standard (ASCII)
- A byte is information becaise it provides enough different combinations of 0's and 1's to represent ___ individual characters.
- 256
- A ___ ___ ___ upgrade is a processor upgrade in which the existing processor chip is replaced with a new one.
- chip for chip
- A type of interface used to connect a device to the system unit (Ex: mouse, keyboard)
- serial port
-
Most computers are ________, meaning they only understand two discrete states:
ON and OFF - Digital
- A component of the CPU that performs the execution part of a machine cycle
- arthmetic/logic unit
- A number system that has just two unique digits, 0 and 1
- Binary System
- A single chip where the CPU is located
- Microprocessor
- An integrated circuit is
- A microscopic pathway capeable of carrying electrical current.
- The Motherboard is
- a circuit board where many electronic components in the system unit reside
- A channel that allowa various devices inside and attached to the system unit to communicate with each other
- bus
- The component in the system unit that converts the wall outlet AC power into AC power.
- Power Supply
- Has a small lever or screw designed to facilitate the installation and removal of processor chips.
- Zero-insertion force