Intro to Information Systems

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What is data: raw facts, such as an employee's name and number of hours worked in a week, inventory part numbers, or sales orders
Information: collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional value beyond the value of the facts themselves
Information system: a set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, and disseminate data and information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective
input: activity of gathering and capturing raw data
processing: converting or transforming data into useful outputs
output: production of useful info, usually in the form of documents and reports
feedback: output that is used to make changes to input or processing activities
forecasting: predicting future events to avoid problems
CBIS: consists of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store and process data into information
computer-based information system: What is CBIS
hardware: computer equipment used to perform input, processing, and output activities
software: the computer programs that govern the operation of the computer
database: an organized collection of facts and information
telecommunications: the electronic transmission of signals for communications; enables organizations to carry out their processes and tasks through effective computer networks
networks: connected computers and computer equipment in a building, around the country or around the world to enable electronic communications`
Internet: the worlds largest computer network, actually consisting of thousands of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information
intranet: an internal network based on Web technologies that allows people within an organization to exchange info and work on projects
extranet: a network based on Web technologies that allows selected outsiders, such as business partners and customers, to access authorized resources of the intranet of a company
The components of CBIS: hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, procedures
What is an information system: collect (input), manipulate(process), and disseminate (output)and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective
procedures: the strategies, policies, methods and rules for using a CBIS
e-commerce: involves any business transaction executed electronically between parties such as companies(bus to bus), companies and consumers, consumers to consumers, bus and public or consumer and public
transaction: any business related exchange such as payments to employees, sales to customers and payments to suppliers
TPS: an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to process completed business transactions
ERP: a set of integrated programs that is capable of managing a company's vital business operations for an entire multisite, global organization
MIS: an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases and devices used to provide routine info to managers and decision makers
DSS: Decision support system
artificial intelligence: a field in which the computer system takes on the characteristics of human intelligence
expert system: a system that gives a computer the ability to make suggestions and act like an expert in a particular field.
virtual reality: Originally the term referred to immersive reality which means the user becomes fully immersed in an artificial, three dimensional world that is completely generated by a computer
systems development: the activity of creating or modifying existing business systems
organization: a formal collection of people and other resources established to accomplish a set of goals
value chain: a series of activities that includes inbound logistics, warehouse and storage, production, finished product storage, outbound logistics, marketing and sales and customer service
technology diffusion: a measure of how widely technology is spread throughout the organization
technology infusion: the extent to which technology is deeply integrated into an area or dept
TAM: Technology acceptance model
five-force model: a widely accepted model that identifies five key factors that can lead to attainment of competitive advantage
Name the five forces according to Porter: rivalry among existing competitors, the threat of new entrants, the threat of substitute products and services, the bargaining power of buyers and the bargaining power of suppliers
How do you attain competitive advantage according to Porter: alter industry structure,
create new products and services, improve existing product lines and services
First stage of IS was oriented toward?: cost reduction and productivity
2nd stage of IS: Defined by Porter, oriented toward gaining a competitive advantage
current stage of IS: shift toward performance based management using productivity, return on investment, net present value and other performance measures
quality: ability of a product or service to meet or exceed customer experience
productivity=: output/input x100%
ROI: one measure of IS value that investigates the additional profits or benefits that are generated as a percentage of the investment in information systems technology
TCO: measurement of the total cost of owning computer equipment, including desktop computers, networks and large computers
Operations focuses on: Efficiency rather than effectiveness
3 primary responsibilities of IS: operations
systems development
support
focus of systems analysts: achieve and maintain information system effectiveness
Information center: support function that provides users with assistance, training, application development, documentation, equipment selection and setup , standards, technical assistance and troubleshooting
certification: process for testing skills and knowledge that results in a statement by the certifying authority that says an individual is capable of performing a particular kind of job
information is data transformed into: meaningful form
The process of defining relationships between data requires: knowledge
________is an awareness and understanding of a set of information and how that info can be made useful to support a specific task.: Knowledge
To be valuable ____________must have several characteristics: it should be accurate, complete, economical to produce, flexible, reliable, relevant, simple to understand, timely, verifiable, accessible, and secure: information
The value of _________ is directly linked to how it helps people achieve their organization's goals: information
_________ ________ are sets of interrelated elements that collect, manipulate and store and disseminate data and information.: Information systems
______is the activity of capturing and gathering new data.: Input
____________involves converting or transforming data into useful outputs: processing
__________involves producing useful information: output
________ is the output that is used to make adjustments or changes to input or processing activities: feedback
Components of _________ include hardware, software, databases, telecommunications and networks, people, and procedures: computer-based information systems
The value of ________ is directly linked to how it helps decision makers achieve the organization's _______: information; goals
Types of Information Systems can be classified into four basic groups: e-commerce
TPS (transaction processing systems)
MIS and DSS (management info systems and decision support systems)
Special-purpose business information systems
Fastest growing segment of e-commerce: business-to-business transactions
The most fundamental IS is the______ ______`: transaction processing system
order processing, purchasing, accounting and related systems are all part of ______ __________ _________: transaction processing system
____ _____ _____ is a set of integrated programs that is capable of managing a company's vital business operations for an entire multi-site, global organization: Enterprise resource planning system
____ ___ ____ systems provide integrated software to support the manufacturing and finance business functions of an organization: ERP
MIS uses the info from a ____ to generate useful info for management decision making. the focus of MIS is primarily on: TPS, operational efficiency
Organized collection of people, procedures, databases and devices used to support problem-specific decision making: DSS
Dss differs from MIS because of support given to users, development and approach, system components, speed output and the emphasis is on______: decisions
Artificial intelligence systems, expert systems, virtual reality systems and other specialized info systems are called: special-purpose business information systems
designed to act as an expert consultant to a user who is seeking advice about a specific situation: Expert system (ES)
Gain a clear understanding of what the problem is: systems investigation
define what the system must do to solve the problem: systems analysis
determine exactly how the system will work to meet the business needs: systems design
create or acquire the various systems components defined in the design step: implementation`
maintain and then modify the system so that it continues to meet changing business needs: maintenance and review
Formal collection of people and various other resources established to accomplish a set of goals: organization
______ processes increase the relative worth of the combined inputs on their way to becoming final outputs of the organization: value-added
Because _______ _____ are designed to improve productivity, methods for measuring the system's impact on productivity should be devised: information systems
There are three ways to measure the extent to which technology is used throughout the organization: Technology diffusion, infusion and acceptance
Technology _____ is a measure of how widely technology is in place throughout an organization: diffusion
Technology __ is the extent to which technology permeates an area or department: infusion
Technology _____ ______ investigates factors, such as perceived uefulness of the technology, ease of use of the technology , quality of the IS and degree to which the organization supports the use of the IS to predict information system usage and perform: acceptance model
_____ ______ is usually embodied in either a product or a service that has the most added value to consumers and that is unavailable from the competition or in an internal system that delivers benefits to a firm not enjoyed by its competition.: Competitive advantage
Strategies for achieving competitive advantage include: enhancing existing products or services, develop new ones, change existing industry or create a new one.
Key element for most organizations: develop IS that measure and control productivity
2 useful measure of productivity: ROI-Return on investment
TCO-Total cost ownership
Role is to employ an IS department's equipment and personnel in a manner that will help the organization attain its goals: CIO or Chief information officer
determine what outputs they need from the system and construct the plans for developing the necessary programs that produce these outputs: systems analysts
Work with one or more programmers to make sure that the appropriate programs are purchase, modified from existing programs or developed: systems analysts
use the plans developed by the systems analyst to develop or adapt one or more computer programs that produce the desired outputs: computer programmer
Responsible for starting, stopping and correctly operating mainframe systems, networks, tape drives, disk devices, printers and so on: computer operators
set up and manage the network hardware, software and security processes: LAN administrators
In addition to technical skills, ___ ____ personnel also need skills in written and verbal communication, an understanding of organizations and the way they operate, and the ability to work with people(users): information systems
These people are charged with the maintaining the broadest enterprisewide perspective: Information systems personnel
computer programs that govern the operation of a computer system are called: software
____ involves creating or acquiring the various system components defined in the design step, assembling them and putting the new system into operation: Systems implementation
Involved in helping users determine what outputs they need and constructing the plans needed to produce these outputs: systems analyst
Use of information systems to add value to the organization can also give an organization a: competitive advantage

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Number of cards 102