Chem Organic Chemistry
Terms
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- hydrocarbons
- H+C
- organic
- anything with carvon in it
- what kind of molecules are hydrocarbons
- non-polar
- what kind of bonds do hydrocarbons have
- covalent
- 6 characterizationf of hydrocarbons
-
1. the molecules are nonpolar
2. they are not soluble in water
3. doesnt ionize- doesnt conduct a current
4. low melting point (liquid/gas at room temp)
5. slow reaction rate
6. high energy of activation - alphatic
- straight chain
- isomers
- compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas
- how to name iosnmers
-
1. where the groups are-what carbons they're on
2. how many add-on groups
3. the longest chain - methyl group
- add on group
- homologous series
- a group of compounds in which there is a constant increment of change in molecular structure from one compound to the next
- formula of alkanes
- CnH2n+2
- formula of alkenes
- CnH2n
- formula of alkynes
- CnH2n-2
- saturated
- single bonds, unhealthy, animals fats
- unsaturated
- double bonds healthy- plants
- alkanes
- single bond
- alkenes
- double bonds
- alkynes
- triple bonds
- how many hydrogens do unsaturated compounds contain
- fewer than the maximum number oof hydrogens in their structure
- how many bonds do unsatured compounds have
- double or triple bonds
- cyclical H-C
- ring structures
- formula for cylical H-C
- CnH2n
- circle in the middle means
- alternate double bonds
- how do u distinguish an alcohol
-
ends in "OL"
-contains OH- but is not a base - boiling points of alcohols
- slightly higher than their alkanes
- 3 classes of alcohols
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1. monohydroxy alcohol (one OH)
2. dihydroxy alcohol (two OH)
3. trihydroy alcohol (three OH) - types of monohydroxy alcohols
-
1. primary (one C connected)
2. secondary (2 cs connected)
3. tertiary (3 cs connected) - methanol
- partly polar
- organic reactions
-
1. substitution
2. addition
3. estenfication
4. sapooification
5. fermentation - substitution
- replacting one part of it with another molcule
- addition
-
has to start with something unsaturated
-puts 2 different things together , combines them - esterification
-
making an ester
organic acid+alcohol=ester+water - saporification
-
making of soap
opposite of esterification
fat+ester - polymer
- chain of repeating units
- polymerization
- small molecules join to form a big molecule
- fermentation
-
making alcohol
glucose-->alcohol + CO2