Misc Head and Neck
Terms
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- carotid canal
- provides a passageway for internal carotid A to enter the cranial cavity
- foramen ovale
- provides a passageway for the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (V3) to enter the infratemporal fossa from the cranial cavity
- what passes through the jugular foramena?
- IX, X, XI, and the internal jugular vein
- anterior nasal choana
- opening to the nasal cavity
- pterygoid canal
-
pterygoid N traverses this canal to get to the pterygopalatine fossa
pterygoid N is made up of the greater petrosal and deep petrosal N's - what is the origin of the greater occipital N?
- dorsal ramus of spinal nerve C2
- what three nerves originate from the ventral rami of cervical nerves C2 and C3?
- greater auricular,lesser occipital, and transverse cervical nerves
- what is the origin of the supraclavicular N?
- ventral rami of C3 & C4
- superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia
-
covers the posterior cervical triangle
splits to cover the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid M's
forms the stylomandibular L - chorda tympani
- carries taste fibers from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and preganglionic parasympathetic fibers headed for the submandibular ganglion
-
taste perception of the tongue
- anterior 2/3 - chorda tympani, CN VII
-
taste perception of the tongue
- posterior 1/3 - glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
-
epiglottic region
- innervation - CN X (Vagus)
- what are the four cranial nerves that have parasympathetic components?
- oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus
-
rules of one exception
- all muscles of the pharynx . . . - are innervated by the vagus N (CN X) except the stylopharyngeus M, which is innervated by the glossopharyngeal N (CN IX)
-
rules of one exception
- all muscles of the palate . . . - are innervated by the vagus N (CN X) except the tensor veli palatini M, which is supplied by the trigeminal N
-
rules of one exception
- all muscles of the larynx - are innervated by the inferior laryngeal N (from the recurrent laryngeal branch of CN X) except the cricothyroid M, which is innervated by external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (also from CN X)
-
rules of one exception
- all muscles of the tongue - are innervated by the hypoglossus N (CN XII) except the palatoglossus M, which is supplied by the vagus N (CN X)
- the pharyngeal plexus is formed on the middle constrictor by the . . .
-
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Superior Cervical Sympathetic Ganglion (Postganglionic Sympathetics) -
lesser petrosal nerve
- origin and destination - begins with the glossopharyngeal N and synapses at the otic ganglion
- what nerve innervates the anterior belly of the digastric M and the mylohyoid M?
- mylohyoid N, which branches from the inferior alveolar N
- which main branches of the trigeminal nerve are purely sensory in nature?
- ophthalmic and maxillary
- where do the posterior ethmoid air cells drain into?
- the superior meatus
- the sphenoethmoidal recess of the nose usually receives drainage from the . . .
- sphenoid sinus
- innervation of the muscles of mastication
- mandibular branch of the trigeminal N
- Bell's palsy
- paralysis of the facial nerves
- what is the SOLE purpose of the abducens N?
- to innervate the Lateral Rectus M
- what gives general sensation to the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue?
- the mandibular branch of the trigeminal N
- what is the only muscle that the glossopharyngeal N innervates?
- stylopharyngeus M
- chart the parasympathetic pathway to the parotid gland
-
Inferior salivatory nucleus (preganglionics arise)
Glossopharyngeal N (CN IX)
Tympanic N
Tympanic Plexus
Lesser Petrosal Nerve
Otic Ganglion (postganglionics arise)
Auriculotemporal N
Parotid gland - what innervates the tensor tympani M?
- the motor root of the mandibular division of CN V
- what innervates the stapedius M?
- facial N
- inferior orbital fissure
- a slitlike opening located b/t the greater wing of the sphenoid bone and the orbital surface of the maxilla
- what are the ONLY abductors of the vocal folds?
- posterior cricoarytenoid M's
- what nerves are found in the outer wall of the cavernous sinus?
- III, IV, V1, V2
- what two things are oddly enough found within the cavernous sinus?
- internal carotid artery and VI
- what does the ansa cervicalis complex innervate?
- infrahyoid muscles (strap muscles) and the geniohyoid muscles
- what two nerves come together to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal?
- the deep petrosal nerve (postganglionic sympathetics) and the greater petrosal nerve (preganglionic sympathetics)
- which nerve innervates the anterior belly of the digastric M as well as the mylohyoid M, and from where does this nerve come
-
nerve to the mylohyoid
inferior alveolar N is a branch of V3
just before the inferior alveolar dives into the mandible it gives of the nerve to mylohyoid, which runs medial to the mandible - the superior ramus of the ansa cervicalis sends out branches to which muscles?
- omohyoid (superior belly), sternohyoid, sternothyoid M's
- the inferior ramus of the ansa cervicalis sends out branches to which muscles?
-
only one!
the inferior belly of the omohyoid M - which muscles are the ONLY abductors of the vocal folds?
- posterior cricoarytenoid M's
- which four muscles are responsible for adduction of the vocal folds?
-
think LOTT
Lateral Cricoarytenoid
Oblique Arytenoid
Transverse Arytenoid
Thyroarytenoid - Explain the afferent and efferent innervations involved in the gag reflex
- The Glossopharyngeal provides the afferent (sensory) route, while the Vagus provides the efferent (motor) route
-
Pterygopalatine Fossa
- medial openeing - Sphenopalatine foramen
-
Pterygopalatine Fossa
- lateral opening - Pterygomaxillary fissure
-
Pterygopalatine Fossa
- anterior opening - Inferior Orbital fissure
-
Pterygopalatine Fossa
- posterior opening - Foramen rotundum, Pterygoid canal
-
Pterygopalatine Fossa
- inferior opening - Palatine canal
- how do you distinguish b/t a facial or a trigeminal nerve lesion in a corneal blink reflex test?
-
If you touch the eye and there is no blink reflex at all then it is a trigeminal nerve lesion in that eye.
If you touch the eye and there is a blink reflex in the opposite eye then you have a facial nerve lesion. - what two things traverse the foramen ovale?
- mandibular div of CN V, accessory meningeal A
- what nerve innervates the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
- hypoglossal N
- Name the parasympathetic components of the divisions of CN V
- there are none
- what air sinus is located inferior to the pituitary gland?
- sphenoid sinus
- what major nerve is found in the posterior triangle of the neck?
- spinal accessory N (CN XI)
-
piriform recess
- where located? - lateral to the aryepiglottic folds
- what is the rule of three addition for the mandibular division of CN V?
- the mandibular division of CN V innervates the muscles of mastication as well as the mylohyoid, the anterior belly of the digastric, and the tensors
- what emerges from the skull through the petrotympanic fissure?
- chorda tympani N
- what is the main lateral stabilizer of the TMJ?
- temporomandibular L
- what attaches onto the lingula of the mandible?
- the sphenomandibular L
- what is the most important stabilizer of the TMJ?
- joint capsule
- what structures are vulnerable to trauma to the TMJ?
- auriculotemporal N, maxillary A, middle meningeal A
- what nerve senses if you bite your tongue?
- lingual N
- what makes the diagstric M unique with regards to innervation?
-
the two bellies are innervated by different cranial nerves
anterior belly - mylohyoid N, a branch of V3
posterior belly - facial N - what is the only branch of the trigeminal N that contains motor fibers?
- mandibular (V3)
- location of mandibular block
-
medial the ramus of mandible
superior to where inferior alveolar N enters mandibular fossa
lateral to sphenomandibular L - where do this sphenomandibular L attach?
- to the lingula of the mandible
- what are the floor muscles of the posterior triangle of the neck? (sup -> inf)
- splenius capitus, levator scapulae, and the post. and middle scalene M's
- what fascia covers the parotid gland and condenses to form the stylomandibular L?
- deep cervical fascia
- what innervates the geniohyoid M?
- C1 fibers from the ansa cervicalis