MVHS APBiology Ch. 10 Vocab
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- organisms that produce their own organic molecules through carbon dioxide and other inorganic molecules
- autotrophs
- organisms that obtain their organic material by consuming other organisms
- heterotrophs
- the green pigment located in chloroplasts
- chlorophyll
- the tissue in the interior of leaves
- mesophyll
- microscopic pores in leaves
- stomata
- an electron acceptor in the light reactions of photosynthesis
- NADP+
- the generation of ATP by the addition of a phosphate group to ADP
- photophosphorylation
- the initial incorporation of carbon from the atmosphere into organic compounds
- carbon fixation
- the distance between the crests of electromagnetic waves (measured in nm)
- wavelength
- the entire range of radiation
- electromagnetic spectrum
- light between 380 and 750 nm
- visible light
- discrete particles of light that have fixed energy
- photons
- an instrument that can measure the ability of a pigment to absorb various light wavelengths
- spectrophotometer
- a graph plotting a pigment's light absorption
- absorption spectrum
- chlorophyll type that absorbs light best at 430 and 670 nm
- chlorophyll a
- chlorophyll type that absorbs best at 470 and 640 nm
- chlorophyll b
- pigments that are various shades of yellow and orange
- carotenoids
- complexes of chlorophyll and proteins in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts
- photosystems
- the region of a photosystem where the first light-driven chemical reaction of photosynthesis occurs
- reaction center
- the molecule in a photosystem that gains an electron from a chlorophyll a molecule
- primary electron acceptor
- P700; the photosystem that passes electrons to NADP+
- Photosystem I
- p680; the photosystem that passes electrons down an electron transport chain to photosystem I
- Photosystem II
- the path of light-driven electrons from water to NADPH, through PII and PI
- noncyclic electron flow
- ATP synthesis during noncyclic electron flow; occurs through chemiosmosis and produces more ATP
- noncyclic photophosphorylation
- ATP synthesis during cyclic electron flow; less ATP is produced through chemiosmosis; no oxygen is released and no NADPH produced
- cyclic photophosphorylation
- the path of electrons from PI back to the cytochrome complex and PI again
- cyclic electron flow
- the "dark reactions" or light-independent reactions of photosynthesis
- Calvin cycle
- a 3-C sugar produced directly from the Calvin cycle
-
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
(G3P) - the enzyme that catalyzes the "fixing" of carbon dioxide to ribulose bisphosphate
- rubisco
- plants in which rubisco is used to fix carbon dioxide to ribulose bisphosphate
- C-3
- a metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen, releases carbon dioxide, generates no ATP, and decreases photosynthetic output
- photorespiration
- plants that employ an alternate mode of carbon fixation that forms a 4-carbon compound; calvin cycle occurs in bundle sheath cells
- C-4
- specialized cells in C-4 plants where the Calvin cycle occurs; impermeable to carbon dioxide
- bundle sheath cells
- loosely arranged cells in C-4 plants where PEP carboxylase fixes carbon dioxide
- mesophyll cells
- the enzyme in C-4 plants that adds carbon dioxide to phosphoenolpyruvate
- PEP carboxylase
- plants that open their stomata at night and close them during the day; take up carbon dioxide and incorporate it into a variety of organic acids
- CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism) plants
- a stack of thylakoids
- granum
- the fluid surrounding the grana in a chloroplast; location of the Calvin cycle
- stroma
- location of PII, the ETC, PI, and ATP synthase in chloroplasts
- thylakoid membrane
- location in chloroplasts where water is split and H+ concentration is relatively high
- thylakoid space