Chemistry ch 12
Terms
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- fluid
- a substance that can flow and therefore take the shape of the container
- suface tension
- a foce that tends to pull adjacent parts of a liquid's surface together, thereby decreasing surface area to the smallest possible size
- capillary action
- the attraction of the surface of a liquif to the surface of a solid
- vaporization
- the process by which particles escape from the surface of a nonboiling liquid and enter the gas state
- freezing
- the physical change of a liquid to a solid by removal of heat (solidification)
- crystalline solids
- solids consisting of crystals
- crystal
- a substance in which the particles are arranged in an orderly, geometic, repeating pattern
- amorphous solid
- one in which the particles are arranged randomly
- melting
- the physical change of a solid to a liquid by the addition of heat
- melting point
- the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid
- supercooled liquids
- substances that retain certain liquid properties even at temperatures at which they appear to be solid
- crystal structure
- the 3-d arrangement of particles of a crystal
- unit cell
- the smallest portion of a crystal lattice that shows the 3-d pattern of the entire lattice
- equilibrium
- a dynamic condition in which two opposing changes occur at equal rates in a closed system
- phase
- any part of a system that has uniform composition and properties
- condensation
- the process by which a gas changes to a liquid
- equilibrium vapor pressure
- the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its corresponding liquid at a given temp.
- volatile liquids
- liquids that evaporate readily
- boiling
- the conversion of a liquid to a vapor within the liquid as well as its surface. it occurs when the equilibrium vapor pressure of the liquid equals the atmospheric pressure
- the boiling point
- the temperature at which the equilibrium vapor pressure of the liwuid equals the atmospheric pressure
- molar heat of vaporization
- the amount of heat energy needed to vaporize one mole of liquid at its boiling point
- freezing point
- the temperature at which the solid and liquif are in equilibrium at 1 atm pressure
- molar heat of fusion
- the amount of heat energy required to melt one mole of solid at its melting point
- sublimation
- the change of state from a solid directly to a gas
- deposition
- the change of state from a gas directly to a solid
- phase diagram
- a graph of pressure versus temp. that shows the conditions under which the phases of a substance exist
- triple point
- indicates the temp and pressure condtions at which the solid, liquid, and vapor of the substance can coexist at equilibrium
- critical point
- indicates the critical temp and critical pressure
- the critical temperature
- the temperature above which the substance cannot exist in the liquid state
- the critical pressure
- the lowest pressure at which the substand can exist as a liquid at the critical temp. the --- of water is 217.75atm