Midevil Europe term list
Terms
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- Friars
- monks that dont live on the monastery.
- Heresy
- Belief that is opposite of the official teaching of the Church.
- Papacy
- when medieval popes have authority over rulers.
- Estates General Holy Roman Empire
- -empire of West central Europe. Conflicts between rulers and church officials arose.
- Gothic Style
- style of architecture that had stone supports that stood outside of the church. Had high, thin walls, and places for large stained glass windows.
- Avignon Papacy
- popes reigned over the flourishing court. Worldly and opposed the involvement by the church feeling grew.
- Serf
- a peasant who is bound to land and cannot leave. The serfs went along with the manor if it were granted to a new lord.
- Feudalism
- a loosely organized type of government where local lords governed their own lands but still owed military service and other types f support to a greater lord.
- Guilds
- associations that merchants put together for economic and political power. Made profits, was hard work, and very positive fro everyone. Provided jobs and places of expertise.
- charlemane
- played role of papal protector (POPE) and expanded territory. He desired to be a universal emperor and used the church to promote social stability and order. Education became a priority of the Christian ruler. Christmas Day, 800 Pope III crowned Charlemagne Emperor and Charlemagne had restored pope to power.
- Magna Carta
- limited royal power and established rights. A charter approved by King John in England in 1215.
- Crusades
- a series of wars in which European Christians battled for the Holy Land of the Muslims.
- Vikings
- Scandinavian people who raided Europe from the 700s to the 1100s. Independent farmers, sailors, traders, and explorers.
- Excommunicate
- exclusion from the Catholic Church, as a penalty for refusal to Church Law. As a result you could not get to participate, do not get revival of sacraments, no Christian burial, and more.
- Vassal
- a lord who was granted land in exchange fro service and loyalty to a more powerful lord.
- Reconquista
- a campaign by the European Christians to drive out the Muslims in Spain. During the 1400s.
- Hundred Years' War
- France and England war. Changes to the medieval world.
- Chivalry
- a code of conduct the knights adopted. It required the knights to have bravery, be loyal, and true their word. In addition, it dictated that knights protect the weak, which include noblewomen and peasants.
- Magyars
- group now in present-day Hungary. Nomadic people who overran Eastern Europe around 900.
- Parliament
- first was the legislature of England and then Great Britain. Helped unify England and required the government to play a large role.
- Canon Law
- laws of Church based on religious teachings, life, marriage, and morals. needed to be properly obeyed and followed.
- Monasticism
- the act of becoming monks or nuns. Live in the monastery and devote lives to church and spiritual goals.
- Scholasticism
- method used by Christian scholars to use reason to support Christian beliefs, especially in times of conflict between faith and reason.
- Investiture Controversy
- appointment of bishops by anyone who is not a member of the clergy. Gregory wanted the church to be independent of secular rulers. This was one of his reforms.
- Common Law
- legal government system based on customs and court rulings. Applied to all of England and were the foundation of the decisions in the royal courts.
- Fief
- an estate under a powerful lord and ranged from a few acres to hundred of miles. Peasants worked on the land and worked in the towns or buildings inside of the fief.
- Manor
- the lord's estate. Most include one or more villages and peasants made up the majority of the population where they lived and worked.
- Great Schism Council of Constance
- During the year 1414. A split between the Catholic Church. The claims that three Popes would be dangerous were taught to have hurt the reputation of the Church. Under Gregory X.
- Oath of Fealty
- the exchange of the lords with vassals. Agreement.
- Benedict of Nursia
- monk who organized the Monte Cassino monastery in Italy.
- black Death
- epidemic of the bubonic plague that spread through Europe in the 1300s. Deathly disease.
- Interdict
- excommunication of entire region, town, or kingdom if refusal of Church Law.
- Inquisition
- a Church court set up to try people accused or heresy. An opinion or belief that contradicts the religious teachings.