Healthcare Test III Acronyms
Terms
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- CDC
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- AIDS
- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
- HIV
- Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome
- GRID
- Gay Related Immune Deficiency Syndrome
- MADD
- Mothers Against Drunk Driving
- MMWR
- Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
- IOM
- Institute of Medicine
- UCS
- Union of Concerned Scientists
- EPA
- Environmental Protection Agency
- FDA
- Food and Drug Administration
- DHHS
- Department of Health and Human Services
- NIH
- National Institutes of Health
- OSHA
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration
- NACCHO
- National Association of County and City Health Officials
- CMS
- Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
- AHRQ
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
- IHS
- Indian Health Service
- NCHS
-
National Center for Health Statistics
-part of CDC
-Data analysis
-vital stats - NCI
- National Cancer Institute
- CPSC
- Consumer Product Safety Commission
- NHIS
- National Health Interview Survey
- NHANES
-
-assess prevalence and risk factors
-same goal as nhis but more accurate because not self-report
-exams done by traveling practitioners - BRFSS
- Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
- SEER
- Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results
- EMS
- Eosinophilia Myalgia Syndrome
- HPDP
- Health Promotion Disease Prevention
- EEE
- Eastern Equine Encephalitis
- CHD
- Coronary Heart Disease
- FDI
- Food Distributors International
- HRQOL
- Health Related Quality of Life
-
DHHS
,role? -
Dept. of Health and Human Services
-fed. reg. of other agencies...supplies fed. taxes to CDC, NIH, FDA, CMS, AHRQ, IHS -
NIH
,role? -
National Institutes of Health
-funded by DHHS
-fed. focal pt. for med. research in US -
CDC
,mission -
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
-to work with partners
-to promote hlth and qol by preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability -
FDA
,mission? -
-Food and Drug Administration
-concerned with safety of medicine, food, cosmetics, etc. -
CMS
,mission? -
-Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
-to achieve effective, up-to-date HC coverage and to promote qlty care for beneficiaries -
AHRQ
-mission? -
-Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
-supports research
-to improve outcomes
-reduce costs
-address safety
-broaden access to services
-improve practices -
IHS
-mission? - Indian Health Service
- IHS PRIMARY FN
- operates hosp. and clinics for native amer.
- CDC PRIMARY FN
-
-statistics
-MMWR
-the MAIN assessment and epidemiologic tool
-crisis-oriented - AHRQ PRIMARY FN
- support research for HC qlty and cost
- NIH primary fn
- like cdc assessment but provides longer view of res. history
- FDA primary function
- regulation of food and drugs
- EPA primary function
-
-H2O, pollution
-prime agency for environment - Dept. of Agriculture primary fn?
-
-food stamps
-nutrition
-school lunches
-standards of meat safety - Dept. of labor primary fn
- -workplace safety
- Dept. fo VA primary fn
- -have their own medical and hlth svcs
- dept of defense primary fn
- MC for armed forces
- 3 dominant federally funded programs under DHHS?
-
CDC
NIH
FDA - ASTHO
- Association of State and Territorial Health Officers
- Bill to Law procedure
- Local Community presents idea>>>> Congresman >>>>> Congress >>>>> House of Representatives >>>>> Senate >>>> President
-
NHIS
Describe -
,assess prevalence
,self-report - Describe BRFSS
-
-unlike nhanes and nhis this is not carried out by nchs
-this is carried out by local st ph depts
-self report like nhis to assess prevalence and risk factors - What reaches a farther range of people, nhis or nhanes
-
nhis, about 50000
nhanes, about 5000 people, 15 counties or so - PAR
- population at risk
- epidemiology?
- the study of the distribution and determinants of disease frequency in human populations?
- incidence vs prevalence
-
incidence, killed or heal quickly
prevalence, chronic illness - Cholera cause?
- contaminated drinking h2o
- hepatitis cause
- contaminated food/water
- cryptosporidiosis cause
- contaminated water
- legionnaires disease cause
- microrgs. in AC
- EMS cause
- found in hlth food l-tryptophan
- spain 1981
-
toxic oil syndrome
,similar to EMS - epid. surveillance process
- informant >>>> local HD >>>>> state HD >>>>> CDC
-
usefulness of incidence
usefulness of prevalence -
incidence=cause
prevalence=useful in assessing the societal impact of a disease and planning HC services - kingston newburgh study
-
fluoridation
, intervention study - physicians hlth study
-
aspirin, hd
beta-carotene, cancer
-intervention study - Polio vaccine study
- -intervention
- 2 types of obs. studies
-
-descriptive>who, where, when
-analytical> how and why - name the two types of analytical studies
- cohort and case control
- 3 ex.s of cohort studies
-
1. framingham heart study
2. doll and hill
3. hammond and horn - Framingham heart study
-
id risk factors for hd
-HBP, chol., smoking
-examined middle age pop. of framingham
-two years later examined again
-repeat every two years
-a COHORT study - Doll and Hill
-
-COHORT study
-brit. phys.s smoking and lung cancer
-used questionnaires and then death records - Hammond and horn
-
-Cohort study
-smoking and lung cancer in USA
-larger then doll and hill
-obtained smoking history monitored death
-confirmed and extended doll and hill - cohort study tells what
-
RR
-ratio of incidence of exposed versus incidence in unexposed - RR #s
-
formula = a(a+b)/c(c+d)
RR of 1.0 = no association
RR < 1.0 = decreased risk from exposure
RR > 1.0 = increased risk from exposure - 2 examples of case-control studies
-
Reyes syndrome-salicylate use in infants
british breast cancer study -oral contraceptives and breast cancer - case control study
-
OR
Odds ratio
-ration of exposed to nonexposed cases/ ratio of exposed to nonexposed controls