Step I Equations
Terms
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- Prevalence
- Prevalence = Incidence x Duration
- Sensitivity
-
dz+/test+ divided by total dz+
True positive ratio
a/(a+c) - Specificity
-
dz-/test- divided by total dz-
True Negative ration
d/(b+d) - Positive Predictive Value
-
dz+/test+ divided by total test+
a/(a+b) - Negative Predictive Value
-
dz-/test- divided by total test-
d/(c+d) - Odds ratio
-
odds of having disease in exposed group divided by odds in unexposed group
quantitate how odds change with exposure
(a:b)/(c:d) - Relative Risk
-
dz risk in exposed group divided by dz risk in unexposed group
a/(a+b)/c/(c+d) - Attributable risk
- a/(a+b) - c/(c+d)
- Confidence interval
-
mean +/- 1.96(SEM)
SEM = (std dev)/sqrt(n) - Metabolism of FA
-
Acyl CoA prod = -2 ATP
Acyl CoA to Acyl CoA and Acetyl CoA = 5 ATP
Acetyl CoA in TCA cycle = 12 ATP - Cardiac Output
- O2 consumption/(PaO2-PvO2)
- Mean Arterial Pressure
-
MAP = CO x TPR
MAP = 0.3 Systolic P + 0.6 Diastolic P - Stroke Volume
- CO/HR or ESV-EDV
- Ejection Fraction
- SV/EDV
- Glomerular Filtration Rate
-
GFR = CL|inulin
GFR = (Ui x V)/Pi - Effective Renal Plasma Flow
-
ERPF = CL|pah
ERPF = (Upah x V)/Ppah
ERPF is essentially RPF
RBF = RPF/(1-Hct) - Volume of distribution
-
Vd = amt drug in body/plasma concentration
[mL]
assume concentration is same in all body compartments - Vd for plasma bound drugs
- Vd = 0.03 L/kg << plasma volume
- Vd for lipid soluble drugs
- Vd . 10 L/kg > plasma volume
- Clearance
-
CL = rate of elim/plasma concentration
CL = ke/plasma concentration
[mL]
hypothetical volume completely cleared of drug per unit time - Half-life
-
t1/2 = 0.7(Vd)/CL
3.3 half-lives to get to 90% of Loading dose
6-7 half-lives to get to 100% - Loading dose
-
LD = target plasma concentration x Vd/F
used to reach Tx dose quickly (antidotes) - Maintenance dose
- MD = target plasma concentration x CL/F
- Enzyme kinetics: Vo
- Vo = Vmax[S]/(Km+S)
- Lineweaver-Burke plot: (1/Vo)
- (1/Vo) = (Km/Vmax)(1/S) + (1/Vmax)