chemistry chapter 15 2
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- 5 properties of acids
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1. sour
2. change color of indicators
3. react w/metals to release hydrogen gas
4. react w/bases to produce salts and water
5. electrolytes - binary acid
- contains only 2 different elements: hydrogen and one of the more electronegative elements
- oxyacid
- compound of hydrogen, oxygen, and a 3rd element, usually and nonmetal
- sulfuric acid
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automobile batteries
most commonly produced - nitric acid
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explosives
suffocating odor - phosphoric acid
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fertilizer nd animal feed
flavor beverages
cleaning agent - hydrochloric acid
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aid digestion in stomach
keeps right acidity in swimming pools - acetic acid
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manufacturing of plastics
vinegar - 5 properties of bases
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1. bitter
2. change color of indicator
3. slippery
4. reacts w/acids to produce salts and water
5. electrolytes - Arrhenius acid
- increases the concentration of hydrogen ions H+
- Arrhenius base
- increases concentration of hydroxide ions OH-
- strong acid
- ionizes completely
- weak acid
- weak electrolytes
- bronsted lowry acid
- proton donor
- bronsted lowry base
- proton acceptor
- bronsted lowry acid-base reaction
- protons transferred from one reactant (acid) to another (base)
- monoprotic acid
- acid that can only donate one proton
- polyprotic acid
- can donate more than one proton
- diprotic acid
- can donate 2 protons
- triprotic acid
- can donate 3 protons
- conjugate base
- species remaining after bronsted lowry acid gives up a proton
- conjugate acid
- species formed when bronsted lowry base gains a proton
- neutralization
- reaction of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions to form water molecules
- salt
- ionic compound composed of a cation from a base nd an anion from and acid.
- lewis acid
- atom, ion, molecule that accepts an electron pair to form a covalent bond
- lewis base
- atom, ion, molecule that donates an electron pair to form a covalent bond
- lewis acid-base reaction
- fromation of one or more covalent bonds between an electron pair donor and an electron pair acceptor.