PCAT Acids and Bases
Terms
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- acid
- produces H+
- base
- produces OH-
- Bronsted-Lowry Acid and Base
-
Acid = donates protons
Base = accepts protons - Lewis Acid and Base
-
acid = electron-pair acceptor
base = electron-pair donor - pH
-
ph =
-log[H+] = log(1/[H+]) - pOH
-
pOH =
-log[OH-] = log(1/[OH-]) - Water Dissociation Constant (Kw)
-
Kw =
[H+][OH-] = 10^(-14)
gives
pH + pOH = 14 - Percent Ionization
-
PI =
(ionized acid concentration at equilibrium) / (initial concentration of acid)
x 100% - Acid Dissociation Constant (Ka)
-
Ka =
[H3O+][A-] / [HA] -
Base Dissociation Constant
(Kb) -
Kb =
[B+][OH-] / [BOH] - Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
-
pH = pKa + log([conjugate base] / [weak acid])
pOH = pKb + log([conjugate acid] / [weak base])