week11/12 lewischapter 16/38
Terms
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copy deck
- what is polydipsia
- excessive thirst
- normal sodium value
- 135-145
- normal chloride
- 96-106
- normal bicarbonate hc03
- 20-30
- normal potassium
- 3.5-5.5
- normal phospate
- 2.8-4.5
- normal magnesium
- 1.5-2.5
- normal calcium
- 4.5-5.5
- normal protein
- 6-8g
- clinical manifestations of hyponatremia with (normal or increased ecf volume)
-
headache
weakness
confusion
nausea
vomiting
weight gain
bp up
cvp up
muscle spasm
seizures
coma - clinical manifestations of hyponatremia with (decreased ecf volume sodium loss)
-
confusion
irritabilty
postural hypotension
tachcardia
rapid thready pulse
dry mucous membrane
weight loss
tremors
seizure
coma - clinical manifestations of hypernatremia with (normal or increased ecf volume)
-
intense thirst
restlessness, agitation, twitching
seizures
coma
flushed skin
weight gain
peripheral and pulmonary edema
bp up
cvp up - clinical manifestations of hypernatremia with (decreased ecf volume (water loss)
-
intense thirst
dry swollen tongue
restlessness agitation twitching
seizures
coma
potural hyptension
cvp down
weight loss - if hyponatremia is caused by water excess what care is needed
- usually just fluid restrictions
- if severe symtoms of hypnatremia such as seizures develp what care is needed
- small amounts of hypertonic saline solution 3%nacl
- what is given if rapid volume replacement is needed
- isotonic sodium chloride .9%
- in fluid volume excess the pulse is
- full and bounding
- in fluid excess the -------- hard to obliterate
- pulse
- in fluid vlume excess you have --------- blood pressure
- increased
- increased fluid volume excess causes what to happen in the neck
- jugular venous distension
- in mild to moderate fluid volume deficit what happens to the heart rate
- goes up
- a change in position with someone with fluid volume deficit ma cause
- orthostatic hypotension
- severe untreated fluid volume deficit can result in
- shock
- severe fluid volume deficit can cause a ------- ------ pulse that is ------- to obliterate and ------- neck veins
-
weak
thready
easy
flat - what are some respiratory signs in fluid volume excess
-
shortness of breath
irritative cough
moist crackles on ausculation - what are some respiratory signs in fluid volume deficit
-
increased respiratory rate
hypoxia - the patient with a nasogastric tube should not drink water because
- it will increase the loss of electolytes
- most common causes of hyperkalemia
-
renal failure
massive cell destruction - regular levels of potassium
- 3-5-5.5
- clinical manifestations of hypokalemia
-
hyperglycemia
fatigue
soft, flabby muscles
polyuria
weak, irregular pulse
decreased reflexes
nausea vomiting
muscle weakness - clinical manifestations of hyperkalemia
-
irritability
anxiety
adominal cramping
diarrhea
weakness of lower extremeties
paresthesias
irregular pulse
cardiac standstill - to treat hyperkalemia you can use an ion-exchange resin such as
- sodium polystyrene sulfonate (kayexalate)