acid base 2
Terms
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- pH indicates the number of
- Hydrogen Ions H+
- Normal range for pH
- 7.35 - 7.45
- condition in which acid accumulates in the body
- Acidosis
- condition in which base substances accumulate in the body
- Alkalosis
- pH Up
- Alkalosis
- pH down
- acidosis
- 1st step to blood gas interpretation
- look at pH and determin a/b status
- 2nd step to blood gas interpretation
- look at respiratory component to see if the imbalance is due to a respiratory reason
- 3rd step to blood gas interpretation
- look at metabolic component to determine if imbalance is due to a metabolic reason
- What is the normal ratio of base to acid?
- 20:1
- Measures the pressure exerted by CO2 dissolved in the blood
- PCO2
- Respiratory component of blood gases
- PCO2
- PCO2 normal values
- 35 - 45 mmHg
- Measures the amount of bicarbonate (base) in blood
- HCO3
- Metabolic component of blood gases
- HCO3
- HCO3 normal values
- 22 - 26 mEq/L
- measures the patial pressure of O2 dissolved in blood
- PO2
- indicates the ability of the lungs to allow Oxygen to diffuse into bloodstream
- PO2
- Normal range of PO2
- 80 - 100 mm Hg
- Percentage of hemoglobin that is saturated w/ oxygen
- O2 saturation
- each molecule of hemoglobin can carry how many molecules of oxygen?
- 4
- Normal value for O2 saturation
- 95 - 100%
- measures all the bases inteh blood that are available to help buffer
- Base Excess (BE)
- Normal value for base excess
- -2 to +2
- provides a more complete picture of body's ability to buffer
- Base Excess (BE)
- 3 causes of respiratory acidosis
-
1. primary lung function problem
2. changes in the lungs from secondary problems
3. condition that obstructs airway or depresses respiratory effort - what condition is caused by increases in CO2 in blood causing an increase in H+
- respiratory acidosis
- in what condition does K+ move out of cells so H+ move into cells creating high serum potassium levels
- Acidosis
- in what condition do cells release H+ into the blood and K+ move into cells from blood serum causing low K+ levels
- Alkalosis
- in what condition does CO2 increase and HCO3 decrease?
- Acidosis
- in what condition does CO2 decrease and HCO3 increase?
- Alkalosis
- if pH is abnormal and both CO2 and HCO3 are abnormal, what is the compensation level?
- partially compensated
- if pH is abnormal and either, but not both, CO2 or HCO3 is abnormal, what is the compensation level?
- Uncompensated
- if pH is normal and both CO2 and HCO3 is abnormal, what is compensation level?
- Compensated
- what are some possible reasons for metabolic acidosis? (handout from class)
- Diabetic ketoacidosis, shock, kidney failure
- what are some reasons for respiratory acidosis (handout from class)
- sedation, shock, severe pneumonia
- what are some reasons for metabolic alkalosis
- vomiting, fever, tachypnea
- what are some reasons for respiratory alkalosis?
- hyper ventilation, pain, anxiety
-
If a person has
pH 7.24
PCO2 31
HCO3 18
what acid/base condition is it and what may have caused it? - part. compensated metabolic acidosis; Diabetic ketoacidosis
-
pH: 7.16
CO2: 64
HCO3: 28 - partially compensated resp. acidosis; asthma
-
pH: 7.52
CO2: 28
PCO3: 20 - partially compensated respiratory alkalosis; hyperventilation or pain
-
pH: 7.48
CO2: 40
PCO3: 32 - partially compensated metabolic alkalosis; vomiting
-
pH: 7.37
CO2:56
HCO3: 34 - metabolic alkalosis, compensated; sedation