ACDEC: Music

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How long was the Classical period? (dates): 1780-1827
Who did Mozart dedicate a set of string quartets to?: Joseph Haydn
True/False: Mozart had great difficulties writing string quartets.: True.
What is chamber music?: Music with one player per part.
What's continuo?: Part in a baroque Chamber work that is entirely supportive, providing bass line and harmonies. It was usually the cello or harpsichord.
What were some major changes in Classical string quartets?: Included more polyphony, melodies in the form of dialogue, conversational texture (aka Classical counterpoint--distinction between melody and accompaniment flexible).
Which had a greater range of colors, symphonic writing or chamber music?: Symphonic.
What was considered the "composer's genre" of the 18th century?: String quartet.
True or False: Haydn's string quartets were rarely eccentric.: False. They were noted and sometimes condemned for their eccentricity.
Define presto.: The fast movement of a piece (or just "fast")
What is the rondo?: Refrain form that was often used in the last movement of a multi-movement work to keep it satisfying and not heavy.
What's a ripieno concerto?: A concert in which the entire orchestra can take on a solo role; a precursor to the symphony.
About how many different symphonic works were written in the 18th century?: Over 13,000.
What's an oratorio?: non-staged, extended work for chorus, soloists, adn orchestra based on a biblical topic, usually didactic.
What are the two aesthetic modes?: The beautiful and the sublime
What does the beautiful emphasize?: Order, proportion, and gentler emotions.
What does the sublime emphasize?: Grand and collossal, things outside of reason.
How does Haydn's "The Creation" invoke the religious sublime?: "And there was Light"--powerful expression from piano to forte
What is the name of the overture that begins "The Creation?": "The Representation of Chaos"
Which later composer imitated Hadyn's move from the minor to the major as a triumph over adversity?: Beethoven (and other later Beethoven followers)
What's the German for conoisseur, and what is the definition as related to music?: Kenner--well educated, appreciated the complexities and technicalites of a piece
What's German for "amateur", and what's the definition?: Liebhaber--devoted to art but not talented, sensitive, or educated enough to be a connoisseur
Which of the two categories was the string quartet written for? the symphony? the piano concerto?: Kenner, Liebhaber, both
Which composer was known for his piano concertos?: Mozart
Define cadenza: a passage during which the orchestra drops out and the soloist improvises, found mostly in the concerto
Define ritornello: thematic passage played by the orchestra
When do ritornellos appear in the classical concerto?: At the beginning (exposition), at the conclusion of the exposition, sometimes to begin the recapitulation, at the end of the recapitulation.
What type of opera is Don Giovanni?: opera buffa
What is recitative?: Conveys action, almost like speech, simple musically
Why did Mozart prefer opera buffa to opera seria?: It was more flexible, and raised music to the level of dramatic action
The scene in "A taci" may be a tribute to what form of entertainment?: a puppet play
Who are the characters in "A taci": Don Giovanni, Donna Elvira, Leporello
What is Singspiel?: German for a play with singing
Why did Singspiel have trouble early on?: It was hard to commission new works, little support from the aristocracy
How was Singspiel different from opera buffa?: S used spoken dialogue, naive, greater stylistic variety
Who wrote the libretto for the Magic Flute?: Emanuel Schikaneder
What are some examples of Masonic influence in The Magic Flute?: three: boys, ladies, E flat (3 flats), three trombones, chords beginning
When did Beethoven become aware of increasing deafness?: 1798
What is the name of Beethoven's middle period, and what symphony did it take the name from?: heroic period, Eroica
What is a scherzo?: movement, usually in triple meter, that genrally comes 3rd in a 4 movement work ("joke")
Why was the Romantic period different from the others before it?: Unlike in earlier times, the Romantics did not abandon or deny the musical past, but tried to reinterpret it.
Who wrote "Beethoven's Tenth?": Brahms
What are some types of Romantic pieces?: caprices, bagatelles, intermezzos, impromptus
How is dissonance treated in Romantic pieces?: For emotional impact rather than something to be resolved over the piece
What ideal did the Romantics strive for?: personal and subjective view of art
Who said "Reason errs, feeling does not."?: Schumann
When did the baroque period take place?: 1600-1750
When was the classical period? `: 1750-1820
When was the Romantic period?: 1820-1920
When was the modern period?: 1900-present
Who are some impressionistic composers?: Debussy and Ravel
What are important concepts of Classical music?: balance, proportion, and symmetry
Who is the singer in "Voi Che Sapete?": Cherubino
what is the term for a male part written for a female voice?: trousers or pants role
define strophic: uses the same music for each verse
What style united the music of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven?: Viennese Classical
Which style/region had supremacy during the Classical period?: Italian opera
When did Bach die?: 1750
When was Bach's music revived?: 1829
Who was responsible for the revival of Bach's music?: Mendelssohn (he performed St. Matthew's Passion)
How does the baroque handle rhythm?: "spinning out", continuity, motoric
What is the texture of Baroque music: polyphony
What is a fugue?: usually polyphonic baroque work based on a single theme that runs through the whole thing
What is galant?: A music form in opposition to the baroque, emphasized gracefulness, variety, and ease
What is the Empfindsamer Stil?: "sensitive style", romantic view of art, intimacy
what is "redendes Prinzip": German "speaking principle", sense of impassioned speeche, free treatment of rhythm, homophony, ES
Who is the singer in "Son imbrogliato," and who is he falling in love with?: Uberto, Serpina
How does "Son imbrogliato" represent opera buffa?: bass voice, rapid pace, discrete phrases, changes in mood
what are the sections of sonata form?: exposition, development, recapitulation, (optional coda)
What subsections are present in a sonata's exposition?: presentation of theme, transition to new key, establishment of new key in secondary theme, close in new key
What does the sonata form rely on?: resolution of dissonance
What was the "Sturm und Drang?": "storm and stress", sought to move in passionate, anti-rational ways
What were some aspects of Sturm und Drang?: symphony, minor, dynamics, polyphony
Which composer went through a Sturm und Drang phase?: Haydn

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