acadeca science 05-06
Terms
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- sagittla plane
- vertical plane that divides body left/right
- midsagiattal (median) plane
- plane creates a division w/2 = parts
- coronal (aka frontal)
- divides front/back sections
- transverse
- divides top/bottom protions
- cross-section
- transverse cut (i.e. MRI, CT)
- axial section
- transverse
- anatomical position
- body standing, feet together, arms at sides, head, eyes, palms hands facing forward
- superior, cranial, or rostral
- head
- anterior/ventral
- front of body
- posterior/dorsal
- back of body
- medial
- middle of body
- lateral
- far away from median
- proximal
- closer to median
- distal
- limb away from body and medial
- caudal/inferior
- close to feet/lower body
- superior/superficial
- external location or near the surface
- deep
- internal location, far from surface
- tissues
- groupings of cells w/ similar structure and function
- simple epithelium
- one-cell thick layers; diffusion, absorption, secretion, filtration
- simple squamous epithelium
- single layer of flat cells; found in heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, air sacs, Bowman's capsule in kidneys, eardrum; filtration, diffusion,osmosis, secretion
- simple cubodial epithelium
- single layer of cube-shaped cells; ovaries, eye, tubules of kidneys, ducts of other glands, thyroid; secretion and absorption
- simple columnar epithelium
- single layer of column cells
- nonciliated simple columnar epithelium
- found in gastrointestinal tract, ducts of glands, gallbladar; secretion and absorption
- ciliated simple columnar epithelium
- upper respiratory tract, Fallopian tubes, uterus, paranasal sinuses, central canal of spinal cord; moves mucus and other substances via cili
- pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- simlple columnar cells bunched together closely apear irregular and layered; upper respiratory tract; secretion and movement of mucus
- stratified squamous epithelium
- several layers of cells; protective layers in location that require resistance to wear and tear; skin, lining of mouth & esophagus, vagina, covering of toung
- stratified cuboidal epithelium
- 2+ layers of cells, superficial cells cubed shaped; ducts of sweat glands, male urethra; protection
- stratified columnal epithelium
- several layers, column-like cells outermost layer; urethra, excretory ducts of glands, anus, eye; protection and secretion
- transitional epithelium
- multilayered cells contract and distend; common in urinary tract bladder
- glandular epithelium
- secretion; exocrine/endocrine glands
- connective tissue
- most abundant, compromised of cells; ground substnce &fibers outisde of cells, form matrix
- loose areolar connective tissue
- fibers and many types of cells embedded in a semifluid ground substance; subcutaneous layer of skin, around blood vessels, mucous membranes, nerves, organs; bind together, protects and nourish organs; tissue through which molecules diffuse to reach cells of other tissues
- dense regular connective tissue
- collagen fibers arranged in bundles; fibers made of collagen mlcls & twstd tgthr to increase strength; elastic arteries, tendons, ligaments
- dense irregular connective tissue
- randomly arranged collagen fibers; beneath skin and around muscles and organs, periosteum of bone, joint capsules, membrane capsules, various organs, pericardium (heart)& valves; provides strength
- elastic connective tissue
- fibers made of collagen and elastin, provides resiliency; aorta, large arteries, bronchial tubes; allows stretch
- retiular tissue
- woven fibers, fabric/netwok, produce tissue acts as a lattice for adfacent (usually epithelial) tissue; spleen, lymph nodes, liver; provides support to soft organs
- adipose tissue
- tissue composed of fat cells (adipocytes); stores fat, insulates, protects body, metabolic fuel reserves
- cartaliage
- connective tissue embeddedin a dense network of collagen, elastic fibers, matrix of chondroitin sulfate; strong yet flexible support fo r wndpipe, nose, ear, vertebral disks
- chondrocytes
- cells of mature cartilage
- lacunae
- hollow spaces in cartilage
- bone
- a connecitve tissue; provides support to soft tissues and points of attachment for skeletal muscles, protection for intrnl orgns, fnctns in movement
- matrix
- intracellular substance, surround widely separated cells
- red bone marrow
- produces blood cells
- yellow bone marrow
- stores lipids, providing reserve of energy