ADHD 2
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Kendel 2000
- Maladaptive across situations
- Achenback
- probs externalizing and internalizing
- DSMIV
-
1 Inattention
2Hyperactivity
3 Impulsivity - Criteria (4)
-
less 7 yrs
impared w less 2 setting
social, academic, occupational & social imparement - Subcategories 2
-
Attention only
hyper-impulsive - scholte 2001
-
factor analysis
pearson's r
412 kids
18 symptoms by carers - Kerns 2001 4
-
ADHD matched sample
Inhib
Attention
time - Gershon 2
-
Girls
key symptoms - Rucklidge & Tannock
- Girls more intellect probs & lang probs
- Rucklidge & Tannock 2
-
Boys less speech probs
Girls impared attributions - Gender paradox
- More boys
- Greene
- Girls more interpersonal probs & social
- Gershon, Rucklidge & Tannock
- Internalizing probs ADHD
- Evolution 2
-
natural altruism
natural selection - Gilger 2
-
80% concord MZ
30% DZ - Deutsch 87 4
-
Retrospective adopt
adoptee= adhd
bio high adhd
bio high mood dis -
Castellanos 2002
7 -
10yr
medicated vs non
mri
grey & white matter
decrease volume
no ^ w age
early genetic - Thapar
-
Cf twins register
MZ 100% concord
dop recept DRD4
Corroborated -
Antenatal to nicotine
4 -
animal study
nicotine = dop increase
Increase nicot = increase hyper
nicotine predictor -
Millberger 97
2 -
20-25% kids ADHD smoked
10% didnt -
Thapar 2003
10 -
1452 Great match twin reg
mothers smoke in preg
american journal psych
0-20 cigs
Teacher report
3/4 variance to smoking
common environment
10% variance to smoking
if remove smoking ^ outcome of risk factors - Barkley 98
-
•Exec function
•self reg
•hyper and impulse
•frontal brain damage - Leung & conolly 96
- Distraction doesnt fx adhd
- Lorch 2000
- Tv and toys distract
- Douglas 83
- Novel or salient
- Taylor 95
- Not sustained worse over time
- Van de Meer & Seargent
- Irrelevant stim increases performance
-
Taylor 95
3 -
Sustained attention
ADHD more errors
slower than TD - Swaab- Barneveld 2000
- attention deficit in other dis
- Slusarek 2001
-
•Motivation deficit
•poor underrewards - Dane, Schachari & Tannock 2001
- ADHD more acive in afternoon than TD
-
Porrino 83
4 -
ADHD boys more active in maths and reading
than recess or PE
More structured = worse -
Schater & logan 90
4 -
Stop signal task
press to stimulate than to inhibit
(WCST)
ADHD bad - Whalen 89
-
Matching famil figures test
ADHD not always match - Sonuga Barke 94
- Impared IQ 3 yrs
- Schacter 1991
- • many normal IQ
- Faraone 96
- • Lots of learning dis kids
- Willcut 2001
-
•Non-ADHD vs Reading dis
•worst in retrieve and memorising wrds -
Willcut 2001
2 -
•Non-ADHD vs Reading dis
•worst in retrieve and memorising wrds - Tannock 2000 (repeated Willcutt 2001)
-
• 7-11yrs
• Inattention predicts later reading probs - Barkley 92,98
-
• special classes
•bad grades
•50% need tutoring - Pennington & Ozonoff 96
- EF
- Whalen & Henker 98
- High social impact
- Cadesky, Mota & schachter 2000
- • Independently process social cues
- Menlick & Henshaw 96
- • Goals at expense of social rules
- Flicek 92
- Other kids view ADHD kids as neg
- Lahey 98
- Teachers assoc ADHD as low co-op and disruptive
-
Barkley 98
4 -
• parents directive & intrusive
• Parenting stress
•Alchol use
•High marital conflict and divorce -
Szatmari 89
3 -
7% poison, 23% bone AD
3% poison, 15% TD
• older= driving offenses & accidents - Hinshaw 98
-
•Deficient in self care
•Must be watched - Barkley 90
- more salient rewards
- Tripp & alsop 2001
- immediate reward better than delayed
- Songua & Berke
- due to avoid delay not move towards immediate
- Barkley 5
-
Working mem
Time - Aman, Roberts & Pennington
- Boys felt bad when did badly; not a general motivation prob
- Denney & Rapport 2001
-
•Impared working mem
•representations disorganised
•redirected into less slowly processed tasks - Douglas 88
-
•high order processing
•deficit w inhib
•deficit w arrousal
•deficit w understand beh cons - Quay 97
- Is underactive adhd
- Geller 2002
-
externalizing
OCD 30% comorb - Costin 2002
- rates higher in clinic than community
- Whalen & Hecker 98
-
Oppositional defiant disorder
35-70% ADHD=develops ODD
30-50% ADHD=CD - Nader 2001
-
ODD/ADHD one disorder?
NO!
•Different symptom clusters - • Waschbusch 2002
-
Distinct other features
Combination of three distinct features;
High range conduct dis, worse ADHD - Gadow & Nolan 2002
-
Holds for pre-schoolers
Strong fx on peer relations
and social functioning - Wasbuch 2002
- but they are morelikely a combination of fx not a more complex fx.
- Jensen 1997
- Should adhd and 3 subcategories be together?
- Barkley 2002
-
101 teenagers
39 community controls
ADHD< attention
time
diff work mem
Behavioral inhib
CNS
Social learning - Tantam 91
- Anxiety Depression Schizo
- Kiln 94
- Continuum?
- Wing
- Au spectrum
- Schopler 88
- Variant
- Szatsmari 89
- HFA
- Tantam
- AS/HFA = continum
- Burgoine & wing
- Triplets No speech delay
- Szatsmari
- IQ controlled AS best apple, banana, truck , grouping AS WCST HFA- motor coordiation
- Ozonoff 91
- ICD-10 Diff VIQ Emotion perception Central exec Verbal mem TOM AS increased
- Kiln 95
- ICD 10 Age and IQ matched AS VIQ>PIQ HFA-VIQ=PIQ Motorskills Visual-motor Non-verbal Vis-memory
- Method probs Criteria IQ and MA Methodology
- Prior 98
- HFA/AS/PDD WISC, TOM, ADS checklist Verbal task OOO No language TOM BC Evidence for continuum
- B+C close to norm, group overlap AS & HF similarities Few friendships Low speech Dinosaur
- Satmari 92
- Diagnoses shouldnÂ’t be everything
- As
- Good TOM Socially abnormal Scripts Timing
- Gilchrist 2001
- AS/HFA/CD WISC/ADI/ADOS – good validity Retrospecive report No difficulties Speech Imitative play Motor control Verbal language
- Mayes & Calhoun 2002
- HFA same development of asp later
- Prior 98
- No differences between A and AS
- Mayes 2001
- Use same AS no language probs Speech later develops
- Baron Cohen
- Less impared AS/A
- Gilberg Coleman 93
- 25% A=HFA
- Kugler 98
- Aeitiogenesis and pathogenesis Understand wait longer
- Rapin 99
- Rubella Thalidomide Herpes Tuberous sclerosis Fragile x Angleman Cornelia de ange syndrome Delong Brian damage Neurotransm
- Wing 83
- MZ% concord
- Bailey, Le couter and Gottesman 95
- Multiple genes
- Gilberg 98
- A= 44 chromo linked
- Rutter 98
- Partial tetrasomy chromo 15
- Gilberg and coleman 92
- Male personality
- Szatmari 98
- X linked seratonin tranporter Env and brain inj
- Smalley
- Sib 3-8% diagnosed autism
- Hallmayer 96
- X chromo ¾ genes for autism
- Rodier 2000
- Relatives – “50-50 phenotype”
- Folstein 99
- DS vs Au – Au relative problem
- Fombonne 97
- low verbal IQ
- Delong 99
- High no of BGTC circuitry disorders
- Cohen and hammer 97
- Parents of asp have high visual perception
- Volmar kin & pauls 2000
- Genetic high aspergers