Anterior Abdominal Wall 2
Terms
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- costal margin
- the cartilages of ribs 7-10
- sacrum
- triangular bone that articulates with L5 and a hipbone on each side
- coccyx
- tailbone attached to sacrum(4 vertebrae fused)
- 3 bones that make up the hipbone
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pubic bone
ischium
ilium - 3 parts of pubic bone
-
pubic crest
pubic tubercle
pubic symphysis - 3 parts of ilium
-
anterior superior iliac spine
iliac crest
iliac fossa - pubic crest
- ridge on pubic bone
- pubic tubercle
- bump on lateral aspect of pubic crest
- pubic symphysis
- fibrocartilage, anterior articulation
- ischium
- bone that we sit on
- ilium
- big flaring structure
- anterior superior iliac spine
- bump on the anterior most part of the iliac crest
- iliac fossa
- depression in ilium
- abdomino-pelvic cavity
- this is where the abdominal and pelvic cavity, which are both within the abdominal wall, are joined together
- pelvic brim
- demarcates superior pelvic aperture
- true pelvis
- inferior to pelvic brim, this is where rectum, uterus, ovaries, bladder, and prostate are found
- false pelvis
- from the iliac crest to the pelvic brim
- pelvic girdle
- 2 hipbones and sacrum
- Anteriolateral wall (superficial to deep)
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1. Skin
2. Camper's (fatty) and Scarpa's (membranous) layers of superficial fascia or Subcutaneous tissue
3. Deep fascia
4. External abdominal oblique with aponeurosis
5. Internal abdominal oblique with aponeurosis
6. Transverse abdominis muscle with aponeurosis
7. Transversalis/ endoabdominal fascia
8. Extraperitoneal connective tissue (subserous fascia)
9. Peritoneum (serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity) - Anteriolateral wall layer, anteriorly, one inch lateral to midline
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1. Skin
2. 2 layers of subcutaneous tissue
3. Anterior wall of rectus sheath (produced by aponeurosis of muscles)
4. Rectus abdominis muscle
5. Posterior wall of rectus sheath
6. Transversalis fascia
7. Extraperitoneal CT
8. Peritoneum - 4 quadrants of abdomen
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1. Upper right
2. Upper left
3. Lower right
4. Lower left - Upper right quadrant of abdomen has...
- liver
- Upper left quadrant of abdomen has...
- stomach
- Lower right quadrant of abdomen has...
- appendix
- Lower left quadrant of abdomen has...
- sigmoid colon
- Origin of EAO
- lower 8 ribs
- Insertion of EAO
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1. Iliac crest
2. Anterior superior iliac spine
3. Xiphoid process
4. Linea Alba
5. Pubic tubercle
6. Pubic Crest - Linea alba
- groove like structure where aponeurosis fuse (CT band)
- Linea semilunaris
- groove like structure lateral to linea alba
- tendinous intersections
- groove like structure from linea semilunaris to midline
- When the EAO from its origin directly inserts into the iliac crest and the anterior superior iliac spine what is its direction
- EAO originates from the lower 8 ribs and directly inserts on the iliac crest and the anterior superior iliac spine in a medioinferior direction.
- What does the EAO become when it attaches to the xiphoid process, linea alba, pubic tubercle, and pubic crest
- An aponeurosis
- What forms the inguinal ligament
- Inguinal ligament is formed by the aponeurosis of the EAO
- What does the inguinal ligament attach to...
- Inguinal ligament curls under and attaches to the thigh fascia
- How does the inguinal ligament relate to the EAO
- inguinal ligament is the lower free margin of the aponeurosis of the EAO
- Dividing point between the anteriolateral wall of the abdomen and thigh
- inguinal ligament
- superficial inguinal ligament
- opening like structure on the aponeurosis of the EAO
- spermatic cord
- present in males. it goes thru the superficial inguinal ring, thru the abdominal wall, and attaches to the testes
- round ligament
- in females. it goes thru the superficial inguinal ring and connects to the labia major.
- what makes up the spermatic cord
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3 layers form the pipe of the spermatic cord
1. external spermatic fascia
2. cremaster muscle and fascia
3. internal spermatic fascia - external spermatic fascia
- comes from aponeurosis of EAO
- cremaster muscle and fascia
- comes from aponeurosis of IAO. it fxns in the reflex of the testes so that they are pulled toward the body in a cold environment
- internal spermatic fascia
- comes from transversalis fascia
- Origin of IAO
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1. Thraco-lumbar fascia
2. Iliac crest
3. Inguinal ligament - Direction of travel of IAO fibers
- superiorly and medially from the origin (or inferior laterally)
- Insertion of IAO
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1. Lower 3-4 ribs
2. Aponeurosis attached to the costal margin
3. Pubic crest
4. Xiphoid process
5. linea alba - Origin of TA
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1. Thoraco-lumbar fascia
2. Iliac crest
3. Inguinal ligament
4. Cartilage of lower 6 ribs - Direction of travel of TA fibers
- horizontal or transverse
- Insertion of TA
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1. Xiphoid process
2. Linea alba
3. Pubic crest - What covers the rectus abdominus
- rectus sheath
- Rectus sheath is located underneath what
- subcutaneous tissue
- Aponeurosis of EAO, IAO, and TA contribute to the anterior and posterior rectus sheath. T/F
- True
- Rectus sheath extends from what to what
- from xiphoid process and adjacent costal cartilages to the pubic bone
- Origin of rectus abdominus
- Pubic crest
- Insertion of rectus abdominus
- Superiorly, it inserts with the xiphoid process and cartilages of ribs 5-7
- What are tendinous intersections and how do they affect rectus abdominus
- Tendinous Intersections are CT bands that divide the rectus abdominus into 3-5 areas.
- Contents of rectus sheath
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1. Rectus abdominus
2. inferior and superior epigastric arteries
3. Thoracoabdominal nerve
4. Subcostal nerve - Where is the arcuate line of rectus sheath located and what is its function
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Location: In the posterior wall of rectus sheath halfway between the umbilicus and pubic bone
Function: Dividing line where the posterior wall of rectus sheath changes in structure - Describe transversalis fascia above arcuate line
- It is anterior to or above the extraperitoneal CT/fascia. It is posterior or below the posterior wall of rectus sheath. In other words, it is deep to the rectus abdominus muscle
- Describe transversalis fascia below arcuate line
- It is anterior to or above the extraperitoneal CT/fascia. It is adjacent to the rectus abdominus muscle.
- Describe transversalis fascia in the anteriolateral wall
- It is anterior to or above the extraperitoneal CT/fascia. It is posterior to or below the transversus abdominus muscle
- Describe the anterior layer of rectus sheath above the arcuate line
- Consists of aponeurosis of EAO and aponeurosis of anterior lamina of the IAO
- Describe the posterior layer of rectus sheath above the arcuate line
- Consists of aponeurosis of posterior lamina of the IAO and aponeurosis of TA
- Describe the anterior layer of rectus sheath below the arcuate line
- Consists of aponeurosis of EAO, IAO, and TA
- Describe the posterior layer of rectus sheath below the arcuate line
- Does not contain any aponeurosis of abdominal muscles and thus the rectus abdominus muscle rests directly on the transversalis fascia
- Above the arcuate line there is no posterior layer. T/F?
- False
- Below the arcuate line there is a posterior layer. T/F?
- False