Abeka Chemistry Flashcards for Chapter 12
Terms
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- Adsorption
- The attraction of a substance to the surface of a solid (12.5)
- Brownian motion
- The random movement of colloidal particles (12.5)
- Colligative property
- Any property THAT DEPENDS on the number of particles NOT the identity or properties of the particles. (12.4)
- Colloidal dispersion (colloid)
- A mixture containing tiny clumps or particles that remain suspended in a mixture. (12.5)
- Concentration
- An expression of the amount of solute present in a given amount of solution (or solvent). (12.3)
- Crystallization
- The deposition of solute particles from the solution on the surfaces of undissolved solute cystals. (12.2)
- Dissociation
- The separtion of ions from each other that occurs when they are solvated. (12.1)
- Electrolytes
- Compounds that dissolve in water to produce ions which can conduct an electrical current. (12.4)
- Henry's Law
- At a given temp., the equilibrium concentration of a dissolved gas is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas. (12.2)
- Hydrated
- A term describing an ion (or molecule) surrounded by water molecules (12.1)
- Immiscible
- A term describing two liquids which are not soluble in each other to any significant extent. (12.1)
- Ionization
- The separation of molecules into ions in solution. (12.1)
- Micelle
- A tiny spherically shaped emulsified droplet. (12.5)
- Miscible:
- A term describing two liquids which are completely soluble in each other in all proportions. (12.1)
- Molality
- The number of moles of wolute per kilogram of solvent. (12.3)
- Molarity (molar concentration)
- The number of moles of solute per liter of solution. (12.3)
- Nonelectrolytes
- Substances that do not ionize or dissociate in aqueous solutions to produce ions which an conduct an electrical current. (12.4)
- Osmosis
- The flow of solvent through a semipermeable membrane from the less concentrated to the more concentrated solution. (12.4)
- Saturated solution
- A solution that contains ALL the solute possible under equilibrium conditions at a given temperature. (12.2)
- Semipermeable membranes
- Substances which permit the passage of some molecules but not others. (12.4)
- Examples of semipermeable membranes.
- Cellophane, parchment, polyvinyl chloride, skin, biological membranes (12.4)
- Examples of a colligative property
- vapor pressure lowering, freezing point depression or boiling point elevation (12.4)
- Solubility
- The amount of solute present in a saturated solution. (12.2)
- Solute
- The substance that is dissolved. (12.1)
- Solution
- A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. (12.1)
- Solution equilibrium
- The condition in which the rate of dissolution equals the rate of crystallization; a type of dynamic equlibrium. (12.2)
- Solvated
- A term describing an ion (or molecule) surrounded by any type of solvent molecules. (12.1)
- Solvation (hydration)
- The process in which solvate moledules or ions are surrounded by solvent (water) molecules. (12.1)
- Solvent
- The substance that does the dissolving. (12.1)
- Supersaturated
- A term used to describe a solution that contains more solute that it could under equlibrium conditions. (12.2)
- Tyndall effect
- Visible scattering of light along the path of a beam of light as it passes through a colloid. (12.5)
- Unsaturated
- A term used to dscribe a solution that contains less solute than it could at equilibrium at a specific temperature. (12.2)
- Vapor pressure
- The pressure exerted by the molecules of a gas in the vapor state (12.4)