PPE 3004 Chapter 1
Terms
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- Personality definition
- The consistent and distinctive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors an individual engages in.
- what two parts of the definition are most important?
- CONSISTANT AND DISTINCTIVE
- Book's defenition of psychology
- The scientific study of the psychological forces that make an individual unique
- What are the 8 aspects of personality
-
Unconscious
Ego forces
Cognitive
Biological
Conditioning
Traits
Spiritual
Person-situation interaction - What are the 4 tools of the scientific method we use to study personality?
-
Correlational studies
Case studies
Cross-cultural
Biological structures -
Correlational research
-definition
- causation
- Disadvantages -
Correlational studies help test associations.
They DO NOT prove causation
This is their main disadvantage they sometimes create webs of connections that may have lurking variables. -
Case studies
-Definition
-Advantages
-Disadvantages -
A somewhat naturalistic observation of the subject and recording of their behaviors.
Heavy focus on the individual
Not generalizable. - Biological structures method
- This is the study of biological strucures in the brain and how they may account for personality.
- Deductive reasoning
-
when conclusions follow logically from a generalization or a theory.
ex: making sense of someone's behavior b/c this is what anyone in this situation would act. - inductive approach
- is so called because concepts and generalizations are made from an observation
-
Inductive reason is
whereas deductive reasoning is: - Bottom-up (specific to general) ; top-down (general to specific)
- What four theories are essential for a personality theory to be a good one:
-
Parsimonious- easiest explanation is most often correct.
Comprehensive- makes sense of all personalities in various situations and various genders, orientations, races...
Falsifiable- it is testable (where most early theories fail).
Productive- must be able to tell us something... ussually must be able to predict something about a person. - What is the BARNUM effect?
-
The tendency for individuals to believe broad generalizations.
(A subjective validation in whcih a person finds personal meaning in statements that could apply to anyone)
f.e: Fortune cookies, horoscopes, psycics.