Humanities Second Semester Exam Review
Terms
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- Justinian
- Byzantine Emperor, codified Roman Law, built Hagia Sophia
- Hagia Sophia
- Big catholic cathedral in Constantinople, Turkish added towers later to make it into a mosque, has massive dome
- Mosaics
- Artistic creation and contribution of Byzantine empire, made of small pieces of glass or stone in cement or plaster
- Icons
- Painting of a religious figure used in Orthodox church to represent divine realities
- Influence of Byzantine Culture
- Mosaics, increased trade, rise in education, preservation of Greek culture and classics, kept Rome alive, iconography, Islamic architecture, influenced Russia
- Charlemagne
- Holy Roman Emperor, helped start the rise of feudalism, encouraged education, started school, economically developed Europe, trade and commerce expanded, had coin money
- Aachen
- palace school set up by Charlemagne, center of Carolingian Renaissance, used trivium and quadrivium cirriculum, had smart professors
- Trivium and Quadrivium
- cirriculum at Aachen, made by Alcuin of York, T- grammar, rhetoric, dialect, Q-arithmetic, geometry, music, astronomy
- Monasticism
- very important to Christianity, from East asceticism (self denial) and eremitism (solitude)
- Horarium
- typical day in monastary
- St. Benedict
- wrote rules for monastic life and monasticism (family community with abbot, poverty, chastity, don't travel)
- Hildegard of Bingen
- Medieval nun, wrote lots of treatises, artist, musician, shrink, did lots because of freedom granted to nuns in monastary, had visions, veyr highly regarded
- Gregorian Chant
- mix of Roman and Frankish, monophonic, lacked musical accompaniment, simple chants, plainchant, neums-notations
- Liturgical Drama
- Early dramas, first done in church with music but then elaborated and moved into public
- Mystery Play
- Parades, told stories from the Bible and explained Bible lessons to the people
- Miracle Play
- Parades, told stories about the lives of saints
- Morality Play
- Allegorical, has a moral, not about the Bible
- EVERYMAN
- Everyman must face God in final judgement, Everyman is only helped by Confession, Good Deeds, and Knowledge, life as pilgrimage, inevitability of death, memento mori, will of human to get salvation
- THE SECOND SHEPHERDS' PLAY
- mystery play, about birth of Jesus and Christian values of generosity and truth
- SONG OF ROLAND
- Chansons d'histoire, celebrating a battle between Charlemagne and Muslims, epic poem, courtly ideal
- Illumination
- Decoration on manuscripts, used in Caroligian time
- THE UTRECHT PSALTER
- Masterpiece of Carolgian Renaissance, pen drawings, Byantine influence
- Parts of a Monastary
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Cloister-garden, walkway
Scriptorium-copying room
Refectory-dining hall
Novitiate-housing for aspirant monks
Dormitory-sleep place
Infirmary- sick room - Romanesque Style
- Use of heavy stone arches, generous exterior decoration, spacious interiors, fire proof roofs
- Gothic Style
- Abundance of stained glass windows, verticality, buttresses, luminosity, transparent
- Suger
- sponsered Saint Denis, houses relics, father of Gothic art, light=God
- St. Denis
- First Gothic Cathedral, designed by Suger, never completed, wanted to be Hagia Sophia
- Chartres
- Has very beautiful windows with metallic salts, Virgin Mary rose window, epitome of Gothic architecture
- Gothic Cathedral
- Shaped both individual and social life of town, had economic impact on town, pilgramges, fairs
- Villiard de Honnecourt
- An architect that left behind a notebook that shows sketches of cathedral building