socials 11 post war canada
Terms
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- NATO 1949
- US and western european countries afraid of USSR attack, so they make an alliance NATO, largely to keep USSR out of west hemisphere.
- Suez Crisis 1956
- Egypt invades Suez Canal, owned by British. Britain and France land troops in canal zone. Lester Pearson propose that UN emergency force be sent to Canada.
- Louis St. Laurent
- Refused to outlaw communism and told people that outlawing communism was dictatorship and not a democracy. He denounced the British and French intervention and refused to support them.
- John Diefenbaker
- Wanted a fact-finding mission done to Cuba to see if the USSR really was planting nuclear missiles there. Didn't want Canada in major conflict. Made Canadian Bill of Rights.
- In 1945, the allied leaders met at ____ and Potsdam to redraw the map of Europe.
- Yalta
- Free Trade Agreement (FTA)
- Removed tariffs on goods crossing US and Canadian border
- NAFTA
- Free trade with Mexico
- globalization
- vast network of business, communications, and cultural links among countries
- international monetary fund
- to stabilize world economy by helping countries that face great debt
- Igor Gouzenko
- Russian clerk at the Soviet Embassy in Ottowa who tried to convince the newspaper of the existence of Soviet spies.
- NORAD (North American Defense Agreement)
- Alliance between US and Canada that provides air defense forces of North America.
- Joseph McCarthy
- Terrified the nation with secret lists of supposed communists in government
- collective security
- The military support and cooperation provided by member states within an interntaional organization to ensure that each will help the others in the event of aggression
- Padlock Law
- To shut down suspected organizations and newspapers
- Big Five
- US, Britain, France, China, Russia
- Dew Line (Distant Early Warning)
- Air lines across north america designed to detect a surprise soviet attack
- Maurice Duplessis
- Controlled Quebec, wanted it to be a distinct nation. Made new flag for it bearing the French symbol. saw Roman Catholic Church as the main defender of Quebec culture. Wanted old traditions. Encouraged foreign invvestment.
- Lesage 1960-1964
- Controlled Quebec after Duplessis. Nationalism. No corruption! Wages and pensions raised, influence of church declines, students need to take more science and tech. classes, "maitres chex nous"=master in our own house
- Union Nationale Party
- Controlled Quebec during Duplessis's time. Corrupt government. Benefited from foreign investment bc companies were expected to contribute generously to them.
- Queit Revolution
- When Lesage came in power after D. Erosion of power of church, social change, take over privately owned companies and turn them into crown corporations, and "Maitres chez nous"
- Front de liberation du Quebec (FLQ)
- A group of terrorists woh pushed for a free Quebec. Very violent - firebombs and explosives.
- What controversy faced PM Lester Pearson with his introduction of a new Canadian flag?
- many canadians felt as if Pearson was pandering to Quebec.
- What controversy faced PM Pierre Trudeau over the Official Languages Act?
- some (mostly western) felt that the govt was forcing french on them. Some also believed Ottowa was focusing all its attention on Quebec and that Trudeau wasn't doing enough.
- Official Languages Act
- Made Canada bilingual
- Why did the FLQ kidnap James Cross and Pierre Laporte?
- FLQ demanded the release of FLQ members in prison. (Laporte dies!)
- Why did Trudeau impost the War Measures Act (give govt extreme power) on Canada?
- [Civil rights are suspended]. Trudeau wanted to get rid of the FLQ and prevent Quebec from going into a violent revolution.
- Why was the election of the Parti Quebecois under Rene Levesque shocking?
- In 1970 election, PW had only won 7 of 110 seats in provincial legislature.
- What was the outcome of the 1980 referendum?
- 40% of Quebeckers voted yes, 60% voted no
- Bill 101
- Allow only French to be spoken in Quebec
- Meech Lake Accord 1987
- PM Mulroney resolved to adjust the constitution to include all provinces and Quebec agreed at conference. But some provinces didn't like it so it failed; great setback for Mulroney.
- Charlottetown Accord 1992
- Another attempt after the Meech Lake Accord. To get Quebec to agree on a new constitution. Radical changes proposed: senate reform, aboriginal self govt, distinct society status for Quebec. failed again.
- What is one of the reasons why the Meech Lake Accord failed?
- Smaller groups such as aboriginals and French canadians felt left out
- referendum
- The process of referring a political question to the people for a direct vote
- Medical Care Act
- Federal and provincial government would now share the cost of medical care by doctors and hospitals for all canadians.
- "Just society"
- Trudeau used this expression to describe the kind of country he wanted to build.
- amending formula
- the process by which changes can be legally made to teh Canadian Constitution. Trudeau used it as a first step to make a charter of rights and freedoms for CAN
- patriation
- when the constitution was brought home to Canada
- What was the last step for Canada's complete independence?
- Constitution ACt of 1982
- PM Mackenzie King
- Liberal. For 21 years (longest). In charge of jap internment. Appointed 1st woman to the Senate. PM during WWII
- St. Laurent (all)
- after Bennett and King. Liberal. created projects like the Trans-Canada highway, St. Lawrence seaway, and the Canada Highway, etc. Continued a firm middle power role in the world
- Lester Pearson
- After Diefenbaker. Awarded the Noble Peace Prize for defusing the Suez Crisis. Father of Canadian peace keeping, made the canadian flag. Introduced universal health care, etc.
- Trudeau
- after Pearson. Against Quebec separating. Liberal. Established Charter of Rights and Freedoms. PM during October Crisis. Invoke the War Measures Act.
- Mulroney
- negotiated the Meech Lake Accord, close relationship with Reagan,
- Clark
- Defeated Trudeau and ended a 16 continuous years liberal rule
- Campbell
- First and only woman to become PM
- Chretien
- Introduce the Clarity Act, focused on preventing Quebec from separating, introduced Youth Criminal Justice Act