us hist. ch. 14
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- Bull Run
- first big battle in virginia south wins convinces everyone that civil war will last for a long time
- Lincoln's first inaugural address
- Lincoln tries to convince the South that secession was illegal and impossible. his key task is to protect the union
- Northern Democrats are divided: war Democrats, peace Democrats, copperheads
- war democrats: for the war peace democrats: against the war copperheads: actively disloyal to the union, opposed Lincoln
- Lincoln believed in the Theory of Peretual Union:
- the Continental Congress had predated the Constituion and no state could breka the Union "contract" by itself
- confederate: union:
- south, north
- The confederate government formed on _____.
- Feb 9, 1861
- Who was the first president of the Confederate government?
- former Senator Jefferson Davis
- Fort Sumter
- although it's in South Carolina, it was still loyal to the north (union) where the first shots of the civil war were when the South attacks the Frt
- North's advantages in the war
- 1. more industry, merchant shipping, guns, and agriculture than the North 2. manpower: bigger population than the South 3. had centralized government but South had trouble with believers in states' rights 4. railroads to transport supplies 5. financia
- border states
- Maryland, Delaware, Missouri, Kentucky MDMK = my dog makes kake haven't decided which side to choose. important (Esp Kentucky) because they'll tip the balance slave states
- Garrisonians
- want Lincoln to free the slaves
- South's advantages
- 1. had more talented generals than the North 3. fighting on familiar land 4. all they have to do is keep on fighting to win 5. better trianed soldiers than "shopkeepers" of th eNOth 6. king cotton
- Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson
- South's generals
- Ulysses S. Grant, William T. Sherman, Phillip Sheridan, George McClellan
- North generals
- Ulysses S. Grant
- very good general who replaces McClellan. Elected president after war
- William Tecumseh Sherman
- very good general who conducted the marth across South and ruined their railroads, crops, etc. -- "Sherman's march to the Sea" (Atlanta to the Sea)
- George McClellan
- north general, good at organizing troops but not good at fighting battles. to blame for losing alot of battles. disrepsect for Lincoln
- Most famous battle off the coast of Virginia 1862
- between two ironclad ships Monitor (north) vs. Merrimac (south) ended in a draw
- draft riots
- people resisintg in drafting, especially immigrants
- Wars: Bull Run, Seven Days, Chacnellorsville
- south victories
- Wars: Battle of Wildernesss and Appotmattox
- north victories
- Antietam
- single bloodiest day in American history, battle at Maryland, ends in a draw gave Lincoln confidence to do the Emancipation Proclamation
- Emancipation Proclamation
- By Lincoln as a tool to hurt the South and win the war war measure that freed laves in the states still in rebellion after Jan 1, 1862 doesn't free slaves in border states cus Lincoln doesn't want to upset them
- Why did Lincoln decide to do the Emancipation Proclamation?
- 1. need soldiers (even blacks) in the war (blacks won't participate if they're not free) 2. encourage southern slaves to run away and maybe join the north - it will hurt South's economy 3. keep England and France out ecause they don't want to interfere
- The farthest Lee was able to go into the north was ______
- Gettsyburg, Pennsylvania (south can never recover again, union wins)
- Vicksburg
- big turning point battle, union wins, in mississippi
- After the capture of Richmond, Lee surrendered at _______ on ______.
- Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865
- Gettsyburg Address
- Lincoln said that all men are created equal
- "with malice toward none and charity toward all"
- phrase by Lincoln at second inaugural accepts war andd doesn't blame anyone for it
- 13th amendment
- abolishes slavery legally
- John Wilkes Booth
- killed Lincoln on April 14, 1865
- 54th Massachusetts
- first black regiment in the north, finally got to fight on June 18, 1863
- Bushwhackers
- private militias, guerilla fighers in Missouri, Southerners
- Jayhawkers
- North private militias, guerilla fighers in Missouri
- Contraband of war
- Lincoln's civil war policy of treating runaway slaves as enemy war property. he accepted slaves as way to hurt the south
- The main reason south lost was:
- their armies lost too many men