USMLEworld facts
Terms
- main SE of PTU/methimazole
- agranulocytosis
- major SE of buproprion
-
seizures
was taken off market for seizures in bolemics
-
meds associated w/ cutaneous photosensitivity
- tetracycline, amioderone, sulfonamides
- presentation of malignant hyperthermia
-
Fever, muscle rigidity, tachycardia, HTN, myoglobimenia
tx w/ dantrolene (block intracellular Ca)
-
ethosuxamide mechanism
-
block T-type Ca2+ channel
-
green color of bacterial mucous is caused by
- myeloperoxidase
-
schistocyte
acanthocyte
bite cell
-
traumatically broken RBC
spur cell seen w/ abetaliporoteinemia
G6PD
-
energy content of:
protein
carbs
fat
-
4
4
9
-
carotid/aortic arch chemoreceptors vs central chemoreceptors
-
central: respond to CO2 (pH)
peripheral: respond to CO2 and O2 (only O2 in chronic hypercapnea and responsible for hypoxic drive)
- phenoxybenzene vs phentolamine
-
both for pheo
phenoxy is noncompetitive
phentol is competetive
-
supraoptic
suprachiasmatic
ventromedial
Ant
Post
Lateral
Paraventricular
Septal
-
ADH
Circaidian rythms
satiety
cooling, parasymph
heating, symph
hunger
Oxytocin
Sex, emotions
-
LGN
MGN
VA
VL
VPL
VPM
-
vision
hearing
motor
motor
sensation to body
sensation to head
- cilostazol
-
PDE inhibitor that prevents platelet aggregation and vasodilates
used for leg claudication
- beta blockers and acetazolamide effect on glaucoma
-
decrease aqueous production
- cholinergics effect on glaucoma (pilocarpine, carbacol)
-
contrist pupillary constrictor (open the angle of the eye)
anticholinergics will have the opposite effect and cause eye pain
-
rosenthal fibers
-
pilocytic astrocytoma
-
silicosis
asbestosis
coal miner
berryliosis
-
eggshell calcifications of hilar nodes
calcified pleural plaques
perilymphatic accumulation/dust laden macrophes
non-caseating hilar granulomas (like sarcoid)
- echinococcus granulosus
-
liver hydatid cysts. eggshell calcications
ruputre causes anaphylaxis
- dobutamine
-
B1 agonist used in acute heart failure to increase contractility. Also increase HR and conduction velocity (bad).
- is pancreas retropertioneal
-
yes, except tail which meets at spleen which are both in peritoneum
-
SE of acyclovir
-
nephrotoxicity. crystalization in kidney
- which cells in CBC increase right after prednisone administeration
- neutrophils (demargination of cells attached to vessel walls)
- D-xylose
-
a monosacchride that can be absorbed w/out pancreatic enzymes.
use to distinguish pancreatic from intestinal malabsorption
-
Matched controls prevents what type of bias
- counfounding. used in case-control. match cases with controls based on potential counfounders
-
the spleen in derived from
-
mesoderm (dorsal mesentary), but is supplied by blood from foregut (celiac a.)
-
hypnagogic vs hypnapompic
-
gogic=falling asleep
pompic=waking up
- viral reasortment
-
exhange of genome segments between two segmented genomes
antigenic shift in influenza
- 7-a-hydroxylase
- converts cholesterol into bile salts. blocking this increases cholesterol stone formation
-
kidney of:
Wegner
Goodpasture
Immune-comlpex
-
RPGN=cresentic
RPGN III- Pauci immune
RPGN I - anti-GBM
RPGN II
- blood:gas partition coefficient
- propotional to solubility in blood. Higher solubility in blood means takes longer to saturate and takes longer to affect brain.
-
isolated systolic HTN
-
Age-related aortic stiffening
-
transduction
conjugation
transformation
-
phage transfer
dna transfer from one bacterium to another
purified DNA uptake by bacteria or eukaryotic
-
baclofen
dantrolene
-
GABA agonist, tx spasticity
block intracellular Ca release ryanodine, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, malignant hyperthermia, serotonin syndrome, spasticity
-
deadly withdrawal
-
barbituates (CV collapse), alchohol
-
dorsal interossei
palmar interossei
lumbricals
-
abbduct fingers, ulnar n.
adduct fingers, ulnar n.
bye-bye, median/ulnar n.
- ANP 2nd messenger
- cGMP
- BNP
-
released from the ventricles. same effects as ANP, but 10x lower activity. Marker for congestive heart failure
-
clara cells
-
non-cilliated epithelial cells in bronchioles that detox, secrete surfactant components, and replace cilliated cells
-
brochial breath sounds
stridor
-
loud and high-pitched, should be only heard over manubrium where bronchi are close to surface, otherwise there's consolidation, collapse, etc
musical inspiratory wheeze. sign of tracheal/laryngeal obstruction!
- UVA vs UVB
-
UVB=sunburn, cancer (esp BCC)
UVA=wood's light, "blacklight", causes damage to collagen and aging