neuro

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ipsilateral vibration/proprioception loss w/ contralateral pain/temp loss: brown-sequard
cord hemisection
meningoencephalitis from swimming in fresh water lakes: naegri fowleri
horner's is from lesions above?: T1
pacoast's, brown-sequard, syringomyelia
2nd order neuron starts at T1 spine, 3rd order starts in sup cervical ganglion at C2
Nervous system phagocytes: microglia
Only nervous system cells that derive from mesoderm (like macrophages). all others from ectoderm
marker for astrocytes: GFAP
glial fibrillary acid protein
extrafusal fibers: alpha innvervation, force of contraction
wernicke's aphasia: wordy but makes not sense
(think of the speech and confabulations of wernicke's encephalitis)
post/sensory area-->poor comprehension
NTS: Sensory from 7, 9, 10
taste, barareceptors, gut distension
Nucleus ambiguus: motor of 9, 10, 11
swallowing and palate elevation
CNS myelin producers: oligodendroglia
broca's aphasia: broken speech
ant/motor area-->can't talk but can understand well
dorsal column/medial lemniscus: cross over 2 levels than ascend in ipsilateral fasculus cuneatus/gracilis. 1st synapse in nucleus cuneatus/gracilus in medulla. decusate and ascend in medial lemniscus. 2nd synapse in VPL
intrafusal fibers: bundled in sheath to form muscle spindle that is innervated by gamma and senses length of muscle
allow to pick up heavy suitcase w/out knowing weight ahead of time
limbic system: feeding, fighting, feeling, fucking
spinothalamic tract: paint/temp
cross right away. 1st synapse in spine on contralateral side. 2nd synapse in VPL
which part of hypothalmus controls cooling: anterior
A/c
PNS myelin producers: schwann
schwann vs oligodenroglia: oligodenroglia--CNS, each myelinates 30 axons, bad in MS
schwann--PNS, each myelinates 1 axon, acoustic neuroma is a neoplasm of
Meisner's Pacinian Merkel's: light discriminatory touch in skin
Pressure, course touch, tension.looks like onion
tactile disk in fingertips, hair, hard palate. light, crude touch. cup shaped
utricle/sacule semicircular canal: linear acceleration
angular acceleration
effects of direct basal ganglia pathway: from SNc, act on D1 receptors to activate putamen to activate GPi to inhibit thalmus that inhibits motor cortex
-->pro-kinetic and is decreased in parkinsons.
direct does direct (wanted) actions, indirect does indirect (unwanted) a
frontal lobe controls?: executive function
level of illiac crests: L4/L5
site of LP
spinal cord ends at L1/L2
corticospinal tract: descending motor info
golgi tendon: senses force of contraction and sends inhibition back to alpha neurons to decrease the contraction.
dermatomes of: back of skull nipples umbilicus inguinal ligament kneecaps: C2
T4 (teat pore)
T10 (belly butTEN)
L1 (L1 is IL)
L4 (down on L4s)
pudendal nerve block: ischial spine
McBurney's point: 2/3 from umbilicus to ASIS
dorsal motor nucleus: parasymph fibers to heart, lungs, upper GI
(vagus)
function of lateral pterygoid: lower jaw
palatoglossus is inervated by?: vagus
all other "glossus" are by cn12
tensor veli palatini is innervated by?: V3
all other "palats" are by vagus
(tensor veli palatini was too tense for the vagus!)
other "tensor" by V3 too
arcuate fasiculus: connects broca's and wernickes
conduction aphasia: fluent aphasia w/ poor repetition, but good comprehension
Damage to amygdyla: kluver bucy: oral, sexual, disinhibited
damage to reticular activating system: LOC
Bilat damage to mamilary bodies: wernicke-korsakoff
damage to STN: controlateral hemibalismus
cerebellar damage: hemisphere vermis: limb ataxia, intention tremor
truncal ataxia, dysarthria
right parietal lobe lesion: left hemi-neglect
structures in cavernous sinus: CN III, IV, V1, V2, VI (everything through sup orbital fissure, plus V2)
carotid a.
senile plaques: extracellular, beta-amyloid
neurofibrillary tangles: intracellular, silver stain/congo red, look like arrowheads
Genetic defect in alzheimer's: APOE4 on chrom 1, 14, 19
p-App on chrom 21
diseases w/ tau protein: alzheimer's and Pick disease
Pick=frontotemporal dementia sim to zlazheimer. younger age of onset
inheritance of huntington's disease: autosomal dominant
atrophy of caudate
CAG repeat on chrom 4
masked facies and cogwheel rigidity: parkinson's
friedrich's ataxia is what type of degenerative diease?: spinocerebellar
werding-hoffmann disease: floppy baby, tongue fasiculations, dies at 7mo
degeneration of ant horns
progressive mulitfocal leukoencephalopathy: JC virus, AIDS, a demyelinating disease
elevated CSF protein w/ normal cell count: Guillian Barre, MS
simple partial seizure: no LOC, one part of brain
epidural hematoma: lens shape, middle meningeal artery rupture, temporal bone fracture, lucid interval
subdural hematoma: crescent shape, rupture of bridging veins, blunt trauma, elderly, shaken baby
subarachnoid: anneurysm rupture, worst HA of life, blood in CSF
Reflexes of: biceps triceps knee ankle: C5, C6
C7, C8
L4, L5
S1, S2
hemorrhage of mamillary bodies: wernicke korsakoff
argyll robertson pupil: respond to accomodation but not light
Bilat loss of pain and temp in upper extremities w/ preservation of touch: Syringomyelia
in pt's w/ arnold-chiari, most common C8-T1
Drug mechanism: Benzodiazapine Barbituate: Increase frequency of GABA-ergic Cl- channel opening
Increase duration of GABA-ergic Cl- channel opening
loss of tibial n.: can't stand on tip toes
the nerve plantar flexes and inverts
Tibial Inverts and Plantarflexes = TIP
loss of peroneal n.: foot drop (foot is inverted and plantar flexed)
pure motor stroke: post limb internal capsule
(lacunar)
pure sensory stroke: thalamus
(lacunar)
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: rubeola (measles)
intranuclear inclusion in neurons/oligodendrocytes
cutaneous sensation of: axillary radial musculocutaneous median ulnar: prox lat humerous
less prox lat humerous and dorsum of thumb
lat forearm
Index and middle fingers
ring and pinky fingers
cutaneous sensation of: lat fem cutaneous of thigh femoral common peraneal common peroneal w/ tibial Tibial: lat thigh
ant thigh and ant leg
lat dorsum of foot
post leg
dorsum of foot
pronator teres syndrome: compression of median nerve passing through the muscle
Causes of Bell's palsy: AIDS, Lyme disease, Sarcoid, Tumors, Diabetes
ALexander BELL w/ an STD
MLF connects?: nuc of CN3 wih nuc of CN6
neurotransmitter changes in: alzheimers Schizophrenia Huntington's Anxiety: decreased ACh
increased DA
decreased ACh, decreased GABA
increased NE, decreased GABA, decreased serotonin
pramipexole, ropinirole: DA agonists
Bromocriptine too
entacapone, tolcapone: prevent DA breakdown (COMT inhibitors)
Selegiline (MAO-B inhibitor)
Benzotriptine: Antimuscarinic used in Parkinson to improve tremor and rigidity
parkinson's tx: BALSA
Bromocriptine, Amantadine, Levo/carbidopa, Selegiline, Antimuscarinic (Benzotriptine)
flumazenil: GABA competetive inhibitor
toxicity of: Halothane Methoxyflurane Enflurane: Hepatotoxic
nephrotoxic
proconvulsant
thiopental vs propofol: both IV induction agents
propofol w/ less post-anesthesia nausea
Ketamine SE: CV stimulant, bad dreams, increased cerebral blood flow.
most common drug used for endoscopy: IV midazolam
post-op respiratory depression, drop in BP, amnesia
endrophonium is?: a cholinesterase inhibitor
tx for malignant hyperthermia (caused by used of succinylcholine and inhaled anesthetic together): Dantrolene
prevents release of Ca2+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum
first line for: tonic-clonic Absence status pregnancy: phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid
ethosuximide
Lorazepam
phenobarbital
when do DT's kick in after stopping EtOH: 2-5 days after last drink
tx w/ benzos

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Number of cards 83

Created By jerusso