Repro
Terms
- 4n/2n/1n
-
the number of individual chromosomes
(the amount of genetic material)
n=23
-
theca cell
-
respond to LH and produce testosterone
(like leydig cell in man)
- abruptio placentae
-
premature separation of the palcenta
PAINFUL uterine bleeding
retroplacental clot, 3rd trimester, fetal death
Risk:age, coke, cigs, HTN
-
acrosome is derived from?
- golgi
-
asherman syndrome
-
post D&C the sratum basalis gets scraped off
amenorrhea, scarring
-
besides pregnancy, HCG is elevated in
- hydatidiform moles, choriocarcinoma
- breast cancer that is often bilat
- invasive lobular
-
breast cancer w/ very poor prognosis
-
inflamatory carcinoma
-
brenner ovarian tumor
- resembles bladder epi
- chorionic villi
-
sprout into mom's uterus, cause moles
primary-trophoblast
secondary-trophoblast and mesoderm
tertiary-trophoblast, mesoderm, and blood vessels
- clomiphene
-
partial agonist of estrogen receptors on pit
prevent normal feedback and increase FSH LH stimulating ovulation
"clomi helps make a clone of me"
-
complete mole
-
46XX (both from father)
the placenta is completely mole
Look for high hCG
Risk of choriocarcinoma
-
corpus leuteum does?
-
secretes estrogen and progesterone
It's rescued by HCG.
- diploid/haploid
- the number of centromeres
-
drugs that inhibit steroid synth
-
ketaconazole, spironolactone
- eclampsia
-
HTN, proteinuria, edema plus seizures
Tx: IV mg sulfate, diazepam
-
embryonal carcinoma
-
2nd most common teste tumor
painful, hematogenous spread
- euploidy
-
having an integer multiple of the monoploid number of chromosomes (23)
- finasteride
-
5-a reductase inhibitor
Blocks testosterone-->DHT
- flutamide
-
competetive inhibitor of testosterone receptors
prostate cancer
-
FSH (male)
-
made by sertoli
Stimulates spermatogenesous
-
granulosa cell ovarian tumor
-
produces estrogen
call-exner bodies=granulosa cells around a central eosinophilic secretions
-
granulosa cell
-
respond to FSH and aromatize testosterone to estradiol
-
HCG is detected in urine on day
- 8
-
HELLP syndrome
-
Hemolysis, Elevated LFT's, Low Platelets
associated w/ preeclampsia/eclampsia
-
increased AFP in pregnancy
-
open neural tube defect
Folate deficiency during first month of pregnancy
-
Inhibin (male)
-
made by sertoli
negative feedback to inhibit FSH release from ant. pit
- leuprolide
-
GnRH anolog
suppress FSH, LH when not pulsatile
-
LH (male)
-
made by Leydig
Stimulates testosterone synth (activates cholesterol desmolase)
-
LH surge occurs because
-
estrogen switches to positive feedback
-
low AFP in pregnancy
- Down Syndrome
- major placental estrogen
- estriol
-
marker for germinomas
- hCG
- marker for yolk sac tumors
- AFP
-
maturing grafian follicule secretes
- estrogen
- Meiosis I in females
-
begins during fetal life
arrest in prOphase until just before Ovulation
- Meiosis II in females
-
arrested in Metaphase until fertilization
"a sperm MET an egg"
- mesonephric duct
- wolffian structures
- mifepristone
-
RU486
competetive inhibitor of progesterone inhibitors
-
mole is tumor of what?
- benign tumor of chorionic villus
-
most common ovarian tumors
-
serous adenoma/adenocarcinoma
often bilateral
adenoma w/ fallopian lining
-
most common testicular cancer in older men
- lymphoma
-
mucinous ovarian tumors
-
seeding produces pseudomyxoma peritonei
- order of sperm cell progression
- spermatagonium (diploid 2N), primary spermatocyte (diploid 4N), secondary spermatocyte (haploid 2N), spermatid (haploid, 1n)
- ovarian fibroma (thecoma-fibroma)
-
meig's syndrome
ovarian fibroma, ascites, hydrothorax
-
ovarian vessels are in?
-
suspensory ligament of ovary
-
partial mole
-
47XXY
Some fetal parts may be present
-
placenta accreta
-
defective decidual layer allows placenta to attach to myometrium
bleeding after delivery
- Placenta previa
-
attachment of placenta to lower uterine segment
block cervix
PAINLESS bleeding
- preeclampsia
-
HTN, proteinuria, edema
affects 7% of pregnancies 20wks gestation to 6wks postpartum
- primary amenorrhea
-
no menses by 16yrs old
-
Risk for breast cancer
-
prolonged estrogen: early menarche, delayed menopause, nulliparity, postmenopausal obesity
-
risk for cervical cancer
-
HPV 16,18
early age of first intercourse, multiple partners, etc
-
risk for ovarian cancer
-
Increased number of cycles
nuliparity
OCPs decrease risk!
-
risk for uterine cancer
-
unopposed estrogen
-
SE of OCP
-
increase TG
hypercoaguable state
- secondary amenorrhea
-
absence of menses for 3mo
-
sildenafil/vardenafil mechanism
-
cGMP PDE inhibitor
SE:blue-green color vision, HA, flushing, dyspepsia
-
sperm food supply
- fructose
-
sperm mitochondria are in?
-
neck of Middle piece
-
sperm tail is derrived from
- centriole
- trophoblast
-
choriocarcinoma is of these (NO chorionic villi present)
cytotrophoblast-inner layer
syncytiotrophoblast-outer layer, grows into endometrium, secretes hCG, hPL
- uterine vessels are in?
-
cardinal ligament (transverse cervical)
-
what does erb-B2 code for?
-
Her-2 an EGF receptor
block w/ herceptin (trastuzamab)
-
which hormone is indicative of ovulation?
- Progresterone
- which hormone is the best marker of menopause?
- FSH (lower estrogen so less feedback inhibition of FSH)