psych moore - conflict
Terms
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- Conflict
- The feeling of being pulled in two or more directions by opposing motives. Frusterating and stressful.
- 4 types of conflicts:
- Approach-approach, Approach-avoidance, Avoidance-avoidance, and Mulitple approach-avoidance
- Approach-Approach Conflict
- The least stressful. Each of two goals is desirable and within reach. i.e. 2 good choices, choose between bmw or mercedes
- Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict
- Person is motivated to avoid each of two negative goals. Avoiding one of them requires approaching the other. Not choosing may be impossible or undesirable. 2 bad choices
- Approach-Avoidance Conflict
- The same goal produces both approach and avoidance motives. 1 choice, 1 positive and 1 negative outcomes. (i.e. Eat ice cream: it's yummy but it makes you fat)
- Multiple Approach-Avoidance Conflict
- Each of several alternative courses of action has plushes and minuses.
- Expectancies refer to:
- beliefs about how we will do if we engage in a certain behavior. If we expect to do well, it'll be more likely to engage in that behavior. If we think the chance of succeeding is low, then we're less likely to be involved.
- Vroom suggests that the motivation to work depends on the relationships between 3 factors:
- Expectancy (a person's belief that working hard = desired level of task performance), Instrumentality (successful task performance will be followed by rewards), and Valence (value a person assigns to possible awards).
- The (simplified) equation for the Expectancy Theory:
- motivation = expectancy x value
- Cognitive x value theory
- Goal-directed behavior is motivated by two cognitive judgements: strength of guy's expectation that it will lead to success & amount that guy believes performace will be rewarded