Psychology Ch. 1
Terms
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- American Psychological Association
- first psychology association
- control group
- used as a basis for comparison
- correlation coefficients
- is the mathematical expression of the relationship, ranging for -1 to +1
- cross cultural studies
- studies where people from different places are compared with one another
- cross-sectional study
- a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another
- descriptive vs. inferential studies
- used to summarize data from samples vs. used to make estimates about a population, based on the sample data you have
- determinism
- all events and choices have consequences
- developmental psychology
- a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the lifespan
- ethics of testing
- do no harm to others
- false consensus effect
- the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
- frequency polygon
- A graphic technique of descriptive statistics that uses the height of connected dots to display the shape of the distribution of a variable
- generalizability of a study
- is a statistical framework for conceptualizing, investigating, and designing reliable observations
- Hawthorne Effect
- The phenomena of behavior changing simply by being observed
- hindsight bias
- the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one whould have forseen it
- histogram
- A vertical block graph with no spaces between the blocks. It is used to represent frequency data in statistics
- illusory correlation
- the phenomenon of seeing the relationship one expects in a set of data even when no such relationship exists
- independent vs. dependent variables
- the experimental factor that is manipulated vs. the outcome factor
- linkage analysis
- a gene-hunting technique that traces heredity in attempts to locate disease-causing genes
- longitudinal study
- research in which the same people are restudied and restested over a long period
- mean, median, mode
- the average, the middle score, the most occuring score
- nature vs. nurture controversy
- debates concern the relative importance of an individual's innate qualities vs. personal experiences
- operationalizing a definition
- a statement of procedures used to define research variables
- range and standard deviation
- difference between highest and lowest scores, a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score
- sample
- A subset of a population that is selected to be representative of a target population
- scatterplot
- a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables
- standard deviation
- a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score
- testable hypothesis
- a question or guess that leads to an experiment