300 only important
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- sceince practitioner
- consumer of sceince, creator of science, evaluator of science
- DSM changes over
- changes over, sceintific factors, motives persoatice taht are dominant, poltiacl factors
- clinical description
- combination of behvoirs thoughs and feelings that make up a disroder
- presenting problem
- whatever the persona complains about or comes to see about
- spiritual model
- supernatural forces that are not in your control but affect yoru psycholgicla health
- how would they get a wtich to confess
-
confession classical
witch pricking
trail by water. - how did oringal biolgical models treat stress and meloncoly
- rest and realzaxation
- psyetheria
- weak psyche
- neursethya
- weak nerves
- early biolgical model cure for neurosis
-
rest cure
hostipalized custodiation - neurosis cure early biolgical models
-
rest cure
random surgical extraction - early 20th centuary
-
psycotropis
psycosurugery
manfred sakel, insulin shock thearpy
medulla, chemially induced siezure to reduce epilsiepse
cherellit and bini, ETC, depression helper
moniz
freedman and wats
heize leihman, hallucinations and agression - french school
-
memser
charcot
bruer
jenet - object realtions
- refering to young children and how they incoorpate imporant people into their lives shapes their perceiton of the word
- ego psychology
-
the way teh defensive reacitons of the ego, detemrine oru behvoira nd how we react to the wrold
ego defifnciies, lack of defence mechaimsims to proerply vent the ids concerns
lack of parcital tools to deal with intrapsychic contlicts - interpersonal dynamic theory
-
the most effective treatment for deprssion looks at interpersonal paters show that the way we realale to outher people, is often refelcted by what we have leared from family reactions and dearly shcools expeinceses.
focal interperonal theroy
introspection
acts of self
acts of outhers towrds self
acts of self towards self. - gestalt therapy
- being able to idenitfy what your desires are,also trying to be postive creative and productive.
- cognative behvoiral model general
- look at cognative and social factors and how they interact and how these effects oour learning
- tishner self instructional training
- instrospection, conditiojing give oyu a stimulus and ask you to talk about your feelings after the stimulus
- mary cover jones
- extrinction of phobia using conditioning
- behavoiral therapy verse bevhoiral modeification
-
behvoiraly therapy
classical conditioning
graduated expsoure, systematic desensitization, exposure and responce prevention, aversion therapy flooding.
behvoiral modification
operant conditioing principles
depression
odd
conduct disroders
social anxiety
treatments
-
- behvoiral therapy vers bevoural modification
-
behvoiraly thearpy
classical condiitoning
graduated expsoure
systematic desensitaitoin
exposure and responce prevention
aversion therapy
flooding
behvoiral modfiication
operant conditioning
some of psychopathology is due to maladaptive learniend behvoirs
odd
conduct
depresion
behvoiral activaitin
social skill training
contingency based mangment tenciques
- becks cognative therapy for depression
-
its not a mood disorder its a thought disrodser, people grow up developong biasses in the way the interpret the world, have interpet things in a negative way, people are inadeqaute
schemas - ellis rational emtoive thearpy
- not event or isutaotn its your perosnal intepraiton of the event that detmerines negative emtions
- contemporary modesl of psychopathology
-
multiple processes contirbute to psycopathology
biologiocal
psycolgical elaring proceses
interperoanl social and cultural effects
1. Enriched environments prevent the expression of genetically-mediated disorders
- Enriched environments overcome genetically mediated memory deficiency in rats
- Genetically identical mice raised in different labs (under exactly same conditions) performed differently on standardized tests – very small differences led to different performance, this suggests that the environment can limit genetic potential or overcome genetic deficiencies
2. Parenting styles affect genetic expression of emotion
Cross-fostering studies
a. Easily stressed rat pups raised by calm mothers grew up calm
b. Genetically reactive monkeys reared by calm mothers grew up calm and raised their own offspring the same way
c. Children of schizophrenic parents raised by functional family did not develop psychological disorders. Children raised by dysfunctional families did.
3. Traumatic early life experiences have been shown to alter neurochemical activity
a. Early stressful experiences produce ongoing deficits in serotonin in genetically susceptible primates
b. Rats exposed to uncontrollable stress (shock) showed chronic activation of corticotrophin-releasing factor
c. Adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse display changes in the hippocampus
- contemproary biolgical perspectives
-
genetic
brain structure and fucntion
neurotranssmitter functions
run though brain antomogy in the morning ! lecutre slide - cognative perspective
-
empahsies how peopel make sence of their expeinces, hwo they transfer cues into information
cognative processes incldue
attention - internal external information
interpreation- make sence of events
judgment
meory - what you remember - cognative behvoiral treamtnes
-
identify beleifs preidciton, automatic throuhgs
behvoiral experiemtns
through monitoring
modify attention focuses, teaching them to focus thier shti on postive shti -
culturel and interpersonal factors
-
gender
depression
alcholism
phobia
stigma
social realtionship
vood culture - diagnosis
- signs and sympotms of behovir
- clinical assemsnt
- the systematic evaltion of biolgical psycolgial and soical facors of person who we think has a disrdoer
- clinical interive generals
-
cognative proceses
observation tenciques
tets
biolgical tets
life reocreds - anxity disroder interview shedule
- this interview scheduel the lcincia first ask if the aptin si bothere by thoughts or impluses and currently feeligns dreiven to repate some behovr or thougths over and over again
- behvoiral assemsnt
-
the process using direct observation test foramlly iniduval thoguha nd feelign and bhefoir in a speic situaton or cotnexts
traget behvoirs: are identified and observed with the goal of detemring the factors that infleunce theose behvoris - mmpi
-
deviation form the mean
lie scale
defensiceness cale
cannot say scale
sexitrs and rasits
indivual repsonces do nto matter - lurai nebarask nuerspychogally batery
-
rytm
strength of grip
tacticle preromfance
memroy skills d
deticign cognative defieicneis - categorical
-
disticnt biolgical cause
distnict critrea
emil kreplin - dimensional
-
in which we get a global assesment of fucntioning
scale rating on a number of vraibles
profile of emtional fucntioning
how many scales ? - protitypical apporach
-
idenitifes certian esential characteristics of a enitsy so you can classify in a dicotomous manner but alos allows for some leiway, becuase you dont need all the conditons
needs
diagnosistic accuracy - dsm before 1980
- fruedian models, lacked descriptive calirity, no inter rater relaiblity
-
DSM 3
-
moved away from freudian towards observabloe behvoira
much more sceintific
anxiety had its own category now
cons
polotically motivated
arbitary deifntions, what consititues panic disroders
inter rater relaiblity still ow for disorders such as somatoform - dsm 4
-
pros
multi axal
more empahiss on inter rater relaiblity
no longer a distniction between orgnaic and psycoligcal disroders
social and envormental factors on axis 4
moer speicfic
cons
comorboodiity
dichotomoy
relaiblity for validity - confound
- defines any fact occuring in the study that makes the resuts uninterpetable
- statisical verse clincal signfiacne
-
now used to detemrien the effeects of the indpendant varible ont he dependant varible and the likelihood that this happend by chance
sitsticaly signfiacnt may not be signifcant clincialy becuase it does tnot crate a dramtic enough or desraible enoguh effect ie side effects
social validity: asking indivudal reinds and family how the progess of the patient is giong
patient uniformity myth: deriving succees fo atreatment outomces by divation formt eh mean need ot take iniduval storeis of peitns into account or you will make erroneous generalizations - behvoiral assemsnt itnerview
-
focus on here and now
tend to be direct and minmal inferential
purpsoe is to identify problematic bheoirs and sitaitons
formal and informal
observers clincain or signfiacnt outhers
life lab clinic
streng objetive looking at concre behvoirs
weakness reacitivty - why diagnosis
-
summarize infomration
symptom pattern etology
treamtent responce
professional communcaiton
scientitiic study - case study pros cons
-
strengths
descripe rare pheonomin
prersuasive
try otu experimantal treamtn
soruces of ideas.
limitations
confoudsn
experiemter bais
generalizaiblity
- single case study
-
strength
price measurimgnet
talor treamnt
unsual case
weakenss
must have stable bheroir
generalizaiblity
confounds - correaltional methods
-
strenghts
when the clnical disrodsdeer cannot be mnaipuatled
limitiation
confoudns
3rd varibles direcltionaly
correlation not cuasaiton. - life records
-
types school,gradueate dorpot
occupational employment job loss
adtanves
objective
cons
erros in recordds
incomplete rreocds
- phsiolgical assemsnt
-
emg mustcle tension used to study headaches
gsr
penail cimrucvance vaginal lubriation
uses
- - physiolgical assemnt
-
eeg , gsr, emg
sexual arousal, penail cirmcumfrence
uses
disorders invovlign strong emtional component
ptsd
sexual dysfunction, sleep disroders
strenghts
objectrive less succesible to control
weakenss
affected by may factors
diet rest exerize time of day , temparutre. - gastalt therapy
- estalt therapy focuses more on process (what is actually happening), rather than content (what is being talked about). The emphasis is on what is being done, thought and felt at the present moment, rather than on what was, might be, could be, or should have been. Gestalt therapy is a method of awareness practice, by which perceiving, feeling, and acting are understood to be separate from interpreting, explaining and judging. This distinction between direct experience, and indirect or secondary interpretation, is developed in the process of therapy. The client learns to become aware of what they are doing and how they can change. By becoming aware of, and transforming their process of being, they develop self acceptance and the ability to experience more in the "now" without as much interference from psychological baggage of the past.