Medicinal Botany 1
Terms
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- Prehistoric times
- accidental earliest record is 4,000 year old, sumerian tablets
- Ancient Egypt
- -very knowledgeable/ respected and specialized physicians -Ebers (700 magical formulas) -Edwin Smith papyrus (1700 BC but based on 2640 BC info)
- Ancient China
- Pun-tsao pharmacopoeia/ Shen-nung (Ephedra 4500 years ago)
- Ancient India
- Rig-Veda (Ayurvedic medicine) use of snakeroot
- Western Medicine
- Foundation is Greek Hippocrates (460-377 BC) Theophratus (Father of Botany) Dioscorides (1st AD) De Materia Medica Physician Galen (2nd AD)
- After Fall of Rome
- -very little knowledge added -de materia medica is main source -Arab world continued -Western knowledge is preserved in monasteries Bagdad- first drug store Moslems invade Europe and passed on knowledge Avicenna/Persia (980-1037 AD) Medical authority until 17th century
- Age of Herbals
- 15th century= (new medical learning)+ (printing press) herbals= beautiful/ when & what to use/ medical & culinary use/ superstitions Doctrine of Signatures
- Doctrine of Signatures
- Developed independently in many cultures Mnemonic?
- Early Doctors
- -were also botanists 18th century dichotomy occurs: herbalism & scientific botany
- William Withering
- researched folk remedies (1775-1785) and set standard for pharmaceutical chemistry.
- Serturner
- 1806 derived morphine from opium poppies--> first compound isolation.
- Synthetics drug use
- Began in the mid 19th century Now 25% US drugs contain plants and 50% contain fungal compounds.
- CAM
- Complementary and Alternative Medicine \"Dietary Supplements\" according to the FDA
- Botanicals
- plant and plant extracts
- Dietary Supplement Health Education Act of 1994
- They were not subject to the same sort of testing as medicines but could be investigated if proven harmful.
- __ percent of people rely on herbals in ___ countries
- 70-90%/developing
- Medical Approaches around the world
- Chine: uses a blend of accupunture, herbs and Western Medicine. India:Seperation of Western medicine (which is usually too expensive) and traditional system.
- Effects of Western Medicine on rain forest cultures
- -Erosion of tribal cultures -destruction of rainforest
- Wart remover
- mayapple
- Malaria treatment
- Quinine, derived from the bark of the cinchona tree.