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control of gene expression

Terms

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Nieukoop center
(frogs) Group of dorsal vegetal blastomeres that can induce formation of dorsal mesoderm
disheveled
(frogs) Contained in granules in oocyte; after fertilization, diffuses to form gradient, de-activates GSK3
GSK3
(frogs) Breaks down beta-catenin; not localized in oocyte
beta-catenin
(frogs) Transcription factor; lots of b-c mRNA in oocyte, fertilization --> lots of delocalized b-c protein; broken down by GSK3; makes cells dorsal
siamois/twin
(frogs) Turned on by beta-catenin
veg1 & vegT
(frogs) Mesoderm-inducing; mRNA localized in oocyte & expressed after fertilization
frog organizer cells
siamois/twin & veg1/vegT makes a cell be organizer; cell then expresses goosecoid gene & nodal genes
frog organizer function
initiate gastrulation (become bottle cells, migrate under ectoderm in involution); dorsalize surrounding tissue; differentiate into notochord, establish anterior/posterior axis of embryo
induction of neural tube in frogs
negative induction
frog organizer signals
diffusible molecules: chordin, noggin, follistatin
frog ventral signal
BMP4 actively causes ventralization (dorsal is default); chordin, noggin & follistatin block BMP4 to dorsalize
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